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Glaukome durch erhöhten episkleralen Venendruck

Glaucoma due to elevated episcleral venous pressure

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Glaukome, bedingt durch einen erhöhten episkleralen Venendruck, stellen eine seltene, schwer therapierbare Form der sekundären Offenwinkelglaukome dar.

Ziel der Arbeit

Pathogenese, Klinik, Differenzialdiagnosen und Therapie werden erläutert, wobei gesondert auf das Radius-Maumenee-Syndrom, das Sturge-Weber-Syndrom und die differenzialdiagnostisch bedeutsamen Karotis-Sinus-cavernosus-Fisteln eingegangen wird.

Methoden

Es erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche über PubMed.

Ergebnisse

Im Zuge der Abklärung müssen potenziell bedrohliche Erkrankungen wie eine Karotis-Sinus-cavernosus-Fistel ausgeschlossen werden. Die Therapie basiert auf der Behandlung der Grunderkrankung. Eine medikamentöse Drucksenkung ist oft nicht ausreichend möglich. Im Falle eines operativen Eingriffs muss das erhöhte Risiko schwerer Komplikationen berücksichtigt werden. In der Literatur wurden in kleinen Fallzahlen unterschiedliche operative Techniken beschrieben.

Diskussion

Glaukome, bedingt durch einen erhöhten episkleralen Venendruck, können idiopathisch oder sekundär im Rahmen anderer Erkrankungen auftreten. Trotz ihrer Seltenheit sollte diese Genese eines Glaukoms immer differenzialdiagnostisch bedacht werden. Die Therapie stellt aufgrund der erhöhten Komplikationsrisiken eine Herausforderung dar.

Abstract

Background

Glaucoma due to elevated episcleral venous pressure is a rare and difficult to treat form of secondary open angle glaucoma.

Objective

The pathophysiology, clinical findings, differential diagnosis and treatment options are discussed. Radius-Maumenee syndrome, Sturge-Weber syndrome and carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas are covered in particular.

Material and methods

A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database.

Results

In the course of the diagnostics potentially severe diseases, such as carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas have to be ruled out. Treatment is based on the therapy of the underlying disease. Anti-glaucomatous medicinal treatment is often insufficient. In the case of surgery the increased risk for severe complications has to be taken into account. A variety of different surgical approaches have been reported in a number of small case series.

Conclusion

Glaucoma due to elevated episcleral venous pressure can be idiopathic or secondary to another underlying disease. Although rare it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis. Treatment is challenging because of an increased risk for severe complications.

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Correspondence to R. Greslechner.

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R. Greslechner und I. Oberacher-Velten geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren. Alle Patienten, die über Bildmaterial oder anderweitige Angaben innerhalb des Manuskripts zu identifizieren sind, haben hierzu ihre schriftliche Einwilligung gegeben. Im Falle von nichtmündigen Patienten liegt die Einwilligung eines Erziehungsberechtigten oder des gesetzlich bestellten Betreuers vor.

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Greslechner, R., Oberacher-Velten, I. Glaukome durch erhöhten episkleralen Venendruck. Ophthalmologe 116, 423–429 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-018-0828-4

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