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Pseudotumor cerebri

Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome

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Zusammenfassung

Der Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) ist eine nicht tumorbedingte Erhöhung des intrakraniellen Drucks, die in der Regel mit einer Papillenschwellung einhergeht und häufig bei übergewichtigen Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter auftritt. Der PTC umfasst die idiopathische und die sekundäre intrakranielle Hypertension (PTC-Syndrom). Neben der Papillenschwellung sind Kopfschmerzen und transiente visuelle Obskurationen Schlüsselsymptome des PTC. Die Diagnostik umfasst zerebrale Bildgebung (MRT, MRV) und Liquordruckmessung. Augenärztlich werden durch Funduskopie, Echographie und optische Kohärenztomographie die Papille sowie durch Visusbestimmung und Gesichtsfelduntersuchungen die Sehfunktion beurteilt. Therapeutische Modalitäten sind abhängig vom Ausmaß der Bedrohung bzw. des bereits eingetretenen Schadens der Sehnerven und abhängig von den Begleitsymptomen (Kopfschmerz, Abduzensparese) zu wählen. Die nichtinvasive Therapie umfasst Gewichtsreduktion und Gabe von Carboanhydrasehemmern. Invasive Maßnahmen sind wiederholte Lumbalpunktionen, Liquordrainage, Optikusscheidenfensterung und die endovaskuläre Stentangioplastie der Sinusvenen.

Abstract

Pseudotumor cerebri is a non-tumor related idiopathic or secondary intracranial hypertension. It is typically associated with papilledema and headache and patients are typically female, young and obese. Diagnosis is established by neuroimaging by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral MR venography (MRV) and lumbar puncture. Papilledema is assessed by ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound and optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmologists monitor visual function by measuring visual acuity and visual field testing. Therapy of patients not facing immediate visual loss encompasses weight reduction and administration of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. In vision-threatening situations invasive procedures are necessary, such as repeated lumbar puncture, liquor drainage, optic nerve sheath fenestration and endovascular venous stenting.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. K. Rüther gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Rüther , K. Pseudotumor cerebri. Ophthalmologe 111, 383–394 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-014-3055-7

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