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Die Rolle des retinalen Pigmentepithels im Rahmen visueller Funktionen

The role of retinal pigment epithelium in visual functions

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Zusammenfassung

Wahrscheinlich bestand schon die Urform der Photorezeptoren aus einer Funktionseinheit einer lichtsensitiven Zelle sowie einer Pigmentzelle. Schon in der Embryonalentwicklung formt sich diese Einheit in einem Differenzierungsprozess, indem sich beide Interaktionspartner beeinflussen. In der Klinik ist gerade das Verständnis, wie Photorezeptoren und Pigmentzelle zusammenarbeiten, essenziell für die Analyse und Therapieentwicklung vieler Formen der Erblindung. So können Mutationen in Genen, die in Photorezeptoren exprimiert sind, primäre Pigmentepithelerkrankungen auslösen und umgekehrt. Dieser Artikel fasst die wesentlichen Funktionen des Pigmentepithels in seiner Vielfältigkeit zusammen und benennt die Funktionen, deren Versagen von klinischer Bedeutung sind.

Abstract

The evolution of light sensitive cells probably began with a primitive functional unit composed of a photoreceptor cell and a pigmented cell. Even during embryonic development this functional unit is formed in a differentiation process in which the two interacting partners depend on each other. For some of the most important forms of retinal degeneration this knowledge on the functional cooperation between retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors is of great importance for analysis and development of therapeutic approaches. In this way mutations of genes which are expressed in photoreceptors can lead to diseases which start in the retinal pigment epithelium and vice versa. This article summarizes the variety of different functions of the retinal pigment epithelium and describes the failure of those functions which are of most clinical importance.

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  1. Experimentelle Ophthalmologie Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum der Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Straße 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland

    O. Strauß

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  1. O. Strauß
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Correspondence to O. Strauß.

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Strauß, O. Die Rolle des retinalen Pigmentepithels im Rahmen visueller Funktionen. Ophthalmologe 106, 299–304 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-008-1869-x

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