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Chronische Blepharitis

Pathogenese, klinischer Verlauf und therapeutische Ansätze

Chronic blepharitis

Pathogenesis, clinical features, and therapy

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Zusammenfassung

Die chronische Blepharitis ist eine sehr häufige entzündliche Veränderung der Lider, die nicht selten übersehen wird. Oft liegt eine Hauterkrankung zugrunde (z. B. seborrhoische Dermatitis, atopische Dermatitis, Rosazea). Die Bildung pathologischer Lipase oder Cholesterinesterase durch ortsständige Bakterien und bakterielle Lipopolysaccharide spielen bei der Krankheitsentstehung eine wichtige Rolle, selten echte Infektionen. An der Wimpernbasis sind Collarettes zu sehen, die Meibom-Drüsen weisen überschüssige verflüssigte Sekretion („Seborrhö“) oder eingedicktes Sekret mit Verstopfung der Ausführungsgänge auf. Trockenes Auge, dysfunktionales Tränensyndrom, Veränderungen der Hornhaut oder der Lidstellung sind typische Folgen der chronischen Blepharitis. Die Basistherapie besteht aus der Behandlung der evtl. vorliegenden Hauterkrankung und einer Lidrandpflege. Darüber hinaus sind ggf. konservierungsmittelfreie Benetzungsmittel, Antibiotika, immunmodulierende Substanzen oder chirurgische Eingriffe erforderlich.

Abstract

Chronic blepharitis is one of the most common diseases of the eyelids, but surprisingly, it is not often recognized. Frequently, a skin disease such as seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, or acne rosacea is the underlying cause of chronic blepharitis. Bacterial pathological lipase, cholesteryl esterase production, and bacterial lipopolysaccharides are pathogenetically relevant. Only rarely do genuine bacterial infections play a role. Collarettes occur at the base of the eye lashes, and the Meibomian glands show either abundant fluid secretion or inspissated secretion with obstruction of the orifices. Chronic blepharitis can include sequelae including dry eye and corneal and lid contour changes. The basic treatment comprises attendance of the underlying dermatological disease and lid hygiene. In addition, preservative-free tear film substitutes, antibiotics, immunomodulatory agents, or even surgical intervention may become necessary.

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Correspondence to C. Auw-Haedrich.

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Auw-Haedrich, C., Reinhard, T. Chronische Blepharitis. Ophthalmologe 104, 817–828 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-007-1608-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-007-1608-8

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