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The relationship between patients’ kidney stone type and demographics in Israel: analysis of 10 K patients

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Abstract

Purpose

To analyze urinary stone composition in Israel and assess the effects of key demographic parameters (gender, age, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, medical history and geographic region) on stone composition.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of stone analysis of 10,633 patients from an HMO Israeli database analyzed by a central laboratory from 2014 to 2019 and subjected to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Associations between stone composition and different demographic parameters were determined using the Chi-square test.

Results

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) monohydrate accounted for 51.9% of the stones. Of the total sample, 5776 stones had one single component (54%), whereas 4857 (46%) had mixed components. Men had a higher frequency of CaOx stones (89.6% vs. 85.6%), whereas women had a higher frequency of calcium phosphate, infection, and cystine stones (27.2%, 17.7%, and 0.9% vs. 17.2%, 7.5%, and 0.5%, respectively). Cystine stones were more abundant in Arabs (1.2% vs. 0.5% in the Jewish population). Lower socioeconomic status was associated with a higher prevalence of calcium phosphate, uric acid, and infection stones and a lower prevalence of CaOx stones. Uric acid stones were associated with medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and obesity (28.3%, 24.9%, 25.7%, and 22.6% vs. 9.6%, 8.4%, 12.3%, and 10.3%, respectively).

Conclusions

Stone types were highly influenced by patients’ demographics. COM was the most common stone component in either pure or complex form. UA stone prevalence was found to increase with age and was associated with medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and obesity.

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Data availability

Data supporting this study are not publicly available due to ethical reasons.

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Funding

No sources of funding to declare. This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of Carmel Medical Center.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Rani Zreik and Ilona Pilosov Solomon have contributed equally to this paper and share first authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel

    Rani Zreik, Ilona Pilosov Solomon, Yuval Friefeld, Yoram Dekel & Ilan Klein

  2. Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel

    Rani Zreik, Walid Saliba, Yuval Friefeld, Yoram Dekel & Ilan Klein

  3. Department of Community and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel

    Walid Saliba

  4. Chemistry Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel

    Ruth Tor & Sharon Cohen

Authors
  1. Rani Zreik
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  2. Ilona Pilosov Solomon
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  3. Walid Saliba
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  4. Ruth Tor
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Contributions

RZ project development, data collection, data analysis, manuscript editing. IPS manuscript writing, data analysis. WS data collection, manuscript editing. TR data collection. SC data collection. YF data analysis. YD data analysis, manuscript editing. IK project development, data analysis, manuscript editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ilona Pilosov Solomon.

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Zreik, R., Pilosov Solomon, I., Saliba, W. et al. The relationship between patients’ kidney stone type and demographics in Israel: analysis of 10 K patients. World J Urol 41, 1641–1646 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-023-04424-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-023-04424-w

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