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The Response of Triticum aestivum Treated with Plant Growth Regulators to Acute Day/Night Temperature Rise

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Abstract

The fluctuation in temperature adversely affects grain development when the climate changes intermittently. This study investigated the effect of high day/night temperatures (34/30 °C, 38/34 °C and 42/38 °C) for two stress durations (24 h and 48 h) on Triticum aestivum. To ascertain the role of plant growth regulator (PGR) in alleviating the deleterious effects of high temperature stress, the combination of various PGRs (e.g., methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, calcium chloride and indole acetic acid) were foliar sprayed twice; one week prior to commencement of anthesis stage and immediately after the exposure to high temperature stress. In general, the high temperature reduces plant growth, grain setting, and 100-grain weight. High temperature stress causes deterioration of plant photosynthetic machinery through a significant decline in energy dissipation, linear electron flow (LEF) and quantum yield of photosystem II (Phi2) which led to plant death. An increase in the antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD, APX, and CAT) was observed at 38/34 °C, while their activity declined sharply at 42/38 °C. Grain setting and filling were completely inhibited in plants exposed to 42/38 °C even when treated with different combinations of PGRs. Salicylic acid along with methyl jasmonate was the most effective PGR combination resulting in significant improvements in Phi2, NPQt, SOD, grain filling and grain protein content under high temperature stress. A strong correlation was observed between LEF and chlorophyll contents against the number of grains per spike and 100-grain weight. In summary, acute day and night temperature stress adversely affected wheat morphological, physiological, and yield traits, while foliar application of PGRs was partially effective in mitigating these harmful changes.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021/347), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zahid Ihsan & Liaqat Ali

  2. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Abdul Khaliq

  3. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Manzer H. Siddiqui & Hayssam M. Ali

  4. Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA

    Ritesh Kumar

  5. Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture Multan, Multan, Pakistan

    Amar Matloob

  6. Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan

    Shah Fahad

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  1. Muhammad Zahid Ihsan
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Contributions

MZI and SF designed the experiment, MZI and LA conducted the experiment, HMA, RK, MHS analysed the data, AM evaluated statistical model on the data, MZI and LA wrote the manuscript, AK, RK, MHS edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Zahid Ihsan or Manzer H. Siddiqui.

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Ihsan, M.Z., Khaliq, A., Siddiqui, M.H. et al. The Response of Triticum aestivum Treated with Plant Growth Regulators to Acute Day/Night Temperature Rise. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 2020–2033 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10574-9

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