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α-Ketoglutarate Enhanced Solanum melongena L. Growth: Acceleration of Nitrogen Assimilating Enzymes and Antioxidant System Under Arsenate Toxicity

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Abstract

The present study assessed the effect of α-ketoglutarate supplementation on Solanum melongena L. seedlings grown under As stress by evaluating growth performance, photosynthetic pigments, carbonic anhydrase activity, photochemistry of PSII, nitrogen metabolism and oxidative stress. Growth, pigment contents, photosynthetic oxygen yield and carbonic anhydrase activity declined with AsV stress in dose dependent manner. As compared to control, As1 (5 µM As) and As2 (25 µM As) caused decline in fresh weight by 13 and 29% and dry weight by 14 and 39%, respectively. Furthermore, photochemistry of PSII parameters as quantum yield of primary photochemistry, yield of electron transport per trapped excitation, the quantum yield of electron transport and performance index of PSII declined with AsV stress while parameters related to energy fluxes per reaction center were enhanced. Not withstanding to this, respiration rate and ammonium content enhanced significantly due to more accumulation of As content in test seedlings. The As accumulation at As1 and As2 treated seedlings was found to be 39.75 ± 0.69 and 158.62 ± 2.75 µg As g−1 DW in root and 30.93 ± 0.54 and 141.37 ± 2.45 µg As g−1 DW in shoot, respectively. In addition, nitrate and ammonium assimilating enzymes: nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activity were adversely affected by AsV stress while glutamate dehydrogenase activity showed reverse trend. Such damaging effect of AsV could be due to enhanced oxidative stress as evidenced by increased SOR, H2O2 and MDA equivalents contents and electrolyte leakage in turn. However, negative effects of AsV on these parameters were significantly mitigated by α-Ketoglutarate, therefore, considerable improvement in growth performance of S. melongena seedlings was noticed. The findings suggest that α-Ketoglutarate, a key intermediate of the Krebs cycle and nitrogen metabolism reduces the AsV toxicity in S. melongena L. seedlings by downregulating As accumulation and oxidative stress biomarkers, activation of antioxidant defense system which collectively protect PSII photochemistry leading to improved growth in S. melongena seedlings.

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Acknowledgements

University Grants commission is thanked for providing financial support to Madhulika Singh to carry out this work and DST (FIST), New Delhi is also acknowledged for providing basic instruments to record the data.

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  1. Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211001, India

    Madhulika Singh, Pratibha Singh & Sheo Mohan Prasad

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  1. Madhulika Singh
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Dr Madhulika Singh performed experiments and did data analysis along with write up of the manuscript. Dr Pratibha Singh did write up and revised the manuscript to the present form. Professor Prasad shared scientific vision.

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Correspondence to Sheo Mohan Prasad.

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Singh, M., Singh, P. & Prasad, S.M. α-Ketoglutarate Enhanced Solanum melongena L. Growth: Acceleration of Nitrogen Assimilating Enzymes and Antioxidant System Under Arsenate Toxicity. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 1699–1713 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10405-3

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