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Differential Reprogramming of Defense Network in Capsicum annum L. Plants Against Colletotrichum truncatum Infection by Phyllospheric and Rhizospheric Trichoderma Strains

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Abstract

Induction of defense response in host plants by the Trichoderma spp. has been attributed as one of the major mechanisms leading to inhibition of the pathogenic ingression. The present study sheds light on the mechanisms employed by the Trichoderma isolates, obtained from phyllosphere (BHUF4) and rhizosphere (T16A), to modulate the defense network of chili plant under Colletotrichum truncatum challenge. Plants treated with both the Trichoderma strains exhibited significant accumulation of phenols under C. truncatum challenge with maximum increment recorded for capsaicin (16.1-fold), ferulic acid (5.03-fold), quercetin (5.36-fold), salicylic acid (94.88-fold), and kaempeferol (6.22-fold). Phenol accumulation corresponded to the subsequent defense gene expression pattern. When compared to the pathogen-challenged control plants, enhanced expression of PR1, PIK1, CHI, GLU, Cdef, and SAR genes was recorded in the Trichoderma-treated plants acting as a biocontrol agent (BCA). The results of the present study suggest that to strengthen the defense pathways in the host plant, the mechanisms employed by Trichoderma isolates differ and depend upon their origin and site of application. While phyllospheric Trichoderma isolate (BHUF4) employed the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway, the rhizospheric Trichoderma strain (T16A) used the induced systemic response (ISR) pathway for eliciting the defense response in the host plant under C. truncatum challenge. The study signifies how Trichoderma strains obtained from different origin and when applied at different sites in plant judiciously reprogram the defense network of the host plant to provide robust protection against phytopathogens. In the present case, overall protection is provided to the chili plants against the foliar or underground attack of C. truncatum.

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Acknowledgements

A.S. is grateful to the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for providing INSPIRE Fellowship under the AORC Scheme. S.R. is thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, for awarding project Grant (NRDMS/SC/ST/40/016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Amrita Saxena & Shatrupa Ray

  2. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China

    Sandhya Mishra

  3. Department of Botany, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Richa Raghuwanshi

  4. Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Harikesh Bahadur Singh

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  1. Amrita Saxena
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Saxena, A., Mishra, S., Ray, S. et al. Differential Reprogramming of Defense Network in Capsicum annum L. Plants Against Colletotrichum truncatum Infection by Phyllospheric and Rhizospheric Trichoderma Strains. J Plant Growth Regul 39, 751–763 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-10017-y

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