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The Expression of CpAUX1/LAXs and Most of the Long-distance CpPINs Genes Increases as the Somatic Embryogenesis Process Develops in C. papaya cv. “Red Maradol”

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Abstract

In plants, auxin is distributed directly from cell to cell through polar auxin transport (PAT) by the action of auxin influx (AUX1/LAXs) and efflux (PINs) transporters proteins. In Arabidopsis thaliana, PAT plays an important role in the formation of apical and radicular meristems during somatic embryogenesis (SE). The goal of the present research was to define if in Carica papaya, the expression of the whole family of auxin transporter genes changes as somatic embryos develop. The family of AUX1/LAXs genes in C. papaya had at least one member in every clade of the phylogenetic tree. However, in terms of PINs genes, C. papaya had one member in all subclades within “long-distance” (LD) clade I, but for “short-distance” (SD) clade II, it had a member in all subclades except in subclade V. In terms of expression, our results showed that the auxin influx transporter (AIT) genes (CpLAX 1, 2, 3) appeared to be more related to the development of somatic embryos at the torpedo and cotyledonary stages. In contrast, the LD auxin efflux transporter (AET) (CpPIN 1, 3, 4) genes appeared to be related to the development of SE at their different stages, as they were expressed throughout all SE stages (from globular to cotyledonary). Moreover, when the mature somatic embryo regenerated into plants, the expression of CpAUX1, CpLAX1, CpLAX2, CpLAX3, CpPIN1, CpPIN3, and CpPIN4 transporters genes increased further, although different patterns of expression were found in leaves and roots from those regenerated plantlets.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, México) Project No. 221208. E-M.H. acknowledges a scholarship (254647) Granted by CONACYT. The Government of Mexico, through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the scholarship Granted to P-P.L. to undertake a research stay at the Biotechnology Unit of CICY.

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  1. Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Humberto Estrella-Maldonado, May Carlos Talavera, Pool Felipe Barredo & Jorge M. Santamaría

  2. Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Carretera Camajuaní Km 5 ½, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba

    Laisyn Posada-Pérez & Rafael Gómez-Kosky

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  1. Humberto Estrella-Maldonado
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  2. Laisyn Posada-Pérez
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  3. May Carlos Talavera
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Contributions

E-MH, First author, Ph.D. student, performed the gene expression studies and the bioinformatics analysis; P-PL, Contributed on the writing of the paper, performed the induction and regeneration of SE, performed the anatomical and ultra-structural studies, and contributed on the RT-PCR preliminary studies; TMC, Assisted in the tissue culture work, including the experimental set up for SE induction; BPF, Responsible of the anatomical and ultra-structural studies; GKR, Supervision on the protocol of SE; JMS, Corresponding author, general conception of the project, and responsible for the writing of the paper.

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Correspondence to Jorge M. Santamaría.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All the authors read and approved the manuscript in its final form. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Estrella-Maldonado, H., Posada-Pérez, L., Talavera, M.C. et al. The Expression of CpAUX1/LAXs and Most of the Long-distance CpPINs Genes Increases as the Somatic Embryogenesis Process Develops in C. papaya cv. “Red Maradol”. J Plant Growth Regul 37, 502–516 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-017-9746-y

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