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Differences in Cowpea Root Growth Triggered by Salinity and Dehydration are Associated with Oxidative Modulation Involving Types I and III Peroxidases and Apoplastic Ascorbate

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Abstract

The aim of this work was to investigate the balance between the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and phenol peroxidases (POD) and cowpea root growth in response to dehydration and salt stress. Root growth and indicators of oxidative response were markedly changed in response to salinity and dehydration. Salt treatment strongly inhibited root elongation, which was associated with an increase in lignin content and a significant decrease in the concentrations of apoplastic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ascorbate. In conditions of extreme salinity, cytosol–APX activity was significantly decreased. In contrast, cell-wall POD activity was greatly increased, whereas lipid peroxidation was unchanged. These results indicate that POD could be involved in both H2O2 scavenging and the inhibition of root elongation under high salinity. In contrast, dehydration stimulated primary root elongation and increased lipid peroxidation and apoplastic ascorbate content, but it did not change APX and POD activities or H2O2 concentration. When cowpea roots were subjected to salinity followed by dehydration, the water and pressure potentials were decreased, and lipid peroxidation was markedly increased, highlighting the additive nature of the inhibitory effects caused by salt and dehydration. The proline concentration was markedly increased by dehydration alone, as well as by salt followed by dehydration, suggesting a possible role for proline in osmotic adjustment. Salinity and dehydration induce contrasting responses in the growth and morphology of cowpea roots. These effects are associated with different types of oxidative modulation involving cytosolic-APX and cell-wall POD activities and apoplast H2O2 and ascorbate levels.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and the Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FUNCAP) for financial support. JAGS is a researcher for CNPq, and JMM, ELV, and AVF were granted CNPq student fellowships.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Campos IV—Catolé do Rocha, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Agrárias, CCHA, Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil

    Josemir M. Maia

  2. Laboratório de Estudos em Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário Lagoa Nova, CP 1648, Natal, RN, CEP 59078-970, Brazil

    Eduardo L. Voigt & Cristiane E. C. Macêdo

  3. Laboratório de Metabolismo de Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CP 6020, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60451-970, Brazil

    Sérgio L. Ferreira-Silva, Adilton de V. Fontenele & Joaquim A. G. Silveira

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  1. Josemir M. Maia
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  2. Eduardo L. Voigt
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Correspondence to Joaquim A. G. Silveira.

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Maia, J.M., Voigt, E.L., Ferreira-Silva, S.L. et al. Differences in Cowpea Root Growth Triggered by Salinity and Dehydration are Associated with Oxidative Modulation Involving Types I and III Peroxidases and Apoplastic Ascorbate. J Plant Growth Regul 32, 376–387 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-012-9308-2

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