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Plant Immunity Induced by Oligogalacturonides Alters Root Growth in a Process Involving Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Abstract

Plants adapt to challenging environmental factors by modulating morphogenetic processes. Although it has been speculated that activation of defense responses against pathogens leads to plant growth adjustment, little is known about developmental and architectural responses to defense stimulators. In this report we evaluated the activity of oligogalacturonides (OGs), a class of molecules directly involved in plant immunity, to modulate root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that OGs induce PAD3 expression and camalexin synthesis, two well-known markers of defense responses. These effects were related to primary root growth inhibition and increased lateral root and root hair formation, which are reminiscent of altered auxin responses. Cellular analysis showed that the effect of these compounds on primary root growth was due to changes in cell elongation and increased flavonoid accumulation at the root elongation region. Moreover, the observations that similar changes in primary root growth were induced by naphthylphthalamic acid supply and that auxin- or flavonoid-related mutants tir1, doc1, pgp1, pgp4, pgp19, and tt4-1 show differential responses to primary root growth inhibition by OGs suggest that auxin homeostasis plays a role in the oligogalacturonide-induced alteration of root cell patterning. Our results suggest that OGs might play a dual function in adaptation of plants to pathogen challenge by inducing defense responses and plant architecture adjustment.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Professors Angus Murphy for pgp1, pgp4, and pgp19 mutant seeds and Jane Glazebrook for providing camalexin standard and extraction methodology. Dr. Rosa Elva del Río Torres, Dr. Lourdes Macias Rodriguez, and LDG A. Kanek Ballesteros Coria are thanked for excellent technical support in the chemical inactivation of OGs, interpretation of MALDI TOF-TOF analysis, and photographic work, respectively. We gratefully acknowledge the Unidad de Proteómica y Metabolómica, CINVESTAV, IPN for MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis. This research was supported in part by grants from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, grant No. 47239 and 48712) and Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (grant No. CIC 2.11).

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  1. Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030, Morelia, Mich., Mexico

    Georgina Hernández-Mata, María Elena Mellado-Rojas, Alan Richards-Lewis, José López-Bucio, Elda Beltrán-Peña & Eva Luz Soriano-Bello

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  1. Georgina Hernández-Mata
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  2. María Elena Mellado-Rojas
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  3. Alan Richards-Lewis
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  5. Elda Beltrán-Peña
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  6. Eva Luz Soriano-Bello
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Correspondence to Eva Luz Soriano-Bello.

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Hernández-Mata, G., Mellado-Rojas, M.E., Richards-Lewis, A. et al. Plant Immunity Induced by Oligogalacturonides Alters Root Growth in a Process Involving Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana . J Plant Growth Regul 29, 441–454 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-010-9156-x

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