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Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Inhibits ROS Increase in Chloroplasts During Dark-Induced Senescence of Pelargonium Cuttings

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Abstract

The temporal and spatial changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) during dark treatment of Pelargonium cuttings and the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on ROS levels were studied. ROS-related fluorescence was detected in mitochondria and cytoplasm of epidermal cells and in chloroplasts. By monitoring dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence, an initial decrease in ROS was observed under darkness in the epidermal cell cytoplasm and the chloroplasts, which was followed by an increase on the third day. Following 3 days under darkness, the size and the structure of the chloroplasts also changed, and they became more sensitive to illumination as judged by a higher accumulation of ROS. Pretreatment of leaves with GA3 did not prevent the structural changes in the chloroplasts, but it inhibited the increase in ROS levels in all cell compartments, including the chloroplasts. It is suggested that the inhibition of ROS increase by GA3 prevented complete disintegration of chloroplasts during dark-induced senescence and thereby enabled the maintenance of chlorophyll levels in the tissue.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel (No. 533/08). The research was supported by grant No. CB-9025-05 from BARD-Cornell.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel

    Shilo Rosenwasser & Haya Friedman

  2. Department of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel

    Eduard Belausov

  3. Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

    Shilo Rosenwasser & Joseph Riov

  4. Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel

    Vered Holdengreber

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  1. Shilo Rosenwasser
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  4. Vered Holdengreber
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Correspondence to Haya Friedman.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary data: Effect of successive illuminations on chloroplast ROS-related fluorescence of GA3-treated and non-treated darkened tissues. Mesophyll cells of Pelargonium leaves, darkened for various lengths of time, were viewed following staining with H2DCF-DA. Cells were pulsed for 40 times at 488 nm as detailed in the material and method and the legends to Fig. 5.

Non-treated tissue darken for 2 days (WMV 118 kb)

Non-treated tissue darken for 4 days (WMV 194 kb)

Gibberellin-treated tissue darkened for 4 days (WMV 51 kb)

The movie files were constructed from pictures taken after each light pulse.

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Rosenwasser, S., Belausov, E., Riov, J. et al. Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Inhibits ROS Increase in Chloroplasts During Dark-Induced Senescence of Pelargonium Cuttings. J Plant Growth Regul 29, 375–384 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-010-9149-9

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