Abstract
Detailed analysis of brassinosteroid (BR)-regulated genes can provide evidence of the molecular basis of BR effects. Classical techniques (such as subtractive cDNA cloning) as well as cDNA and oligonucleotide microarrays have been applied to identify genes which are upregulated or downregulated after BR treatment or are differently expressed in BR-deficient or -insensitive mutants compared with wild type plants. Genes encoding cell-wall-modifying enzymes, enzymes of the BR biosynthetic pathway, auxin response factors, and transcription factors are subject to BR regulation. Effects on several other metabolic pathways and interactions with other phytohormones have been reported as well, although some of these effects may depend on certain environmental conditions (for example, light/dark or stress), the developmental stage of the plants, and tissue types. The identification of components of the BR signal transduction pathway revealed different modes of transcriptional control in animals and plants. Steroid signaling in plants comprises the plasma membrane receptor kinases BRI1 and BAK1 and intracellular protein phosphorylations. Thus, BR signaling in plants is reminiscent of growth factor and TGF-β signal transduction in animals. The phosphorylation cascade could be a basis of extensive signaling cross-talk and thereby explain the complexity of BR responses.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
JM Arteca RN Arteca (2001) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroid-induced exaggerated growth in hydroponically grown Arabidopsis plants. Physiol Plant 112 104–112 Occurrence Handle10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120114.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtlGjtb0%3D Occurrence Handle11319021
RN Arteca DS Tsai C Schlagnhaufer NB Mandava (1983) ArticleTitleThe effect of brassinosteroid on auxin-induced ethylene production by etiolated mung bean segments. Physiol Plant 59 539–544 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXmtlCnsw%3D%3D
T Asami YK Min N Nagata K Yamagishi S Takatsuto S Fujioka N Murofushi I Yamaguchi S Yoshida (2000) ArticleTitleCharacterization of brassinazole, a triazole-type brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor. Plant Physiol 123 93–99 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjsFenu7g%3D Occurrence Handle10806228
R Azpiroz YW Wu JC Locascio KA Feldmann (1998) ArticleTitleAn Arabidopsis brassinosteroid-dependent mutant is blocked in cell elongation. Plant Cell 10 219–230
S Bancos T Nomura T Sato G Molnar GJ Bishop C Koncz T Yokota F Nagy M Szekeres (2002) ArticleTitleRegulation of transcript levels of the Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 genes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 130 504–513 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.005439 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XntFOrtLc%3D Occurrence Handle12226529
M Beato S Chavez M Truss (1996) ArticleTitleTranscriptional regulation by steroid hormones. Steroids 61 240–251 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xislaqu7k%3D Occurrence Handle8733009
M Beato J Klug (2000) ArticleTitleSteroid hormone receptors: An update. Hum Reprod Update 6 225–236 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXksFequrw%3D Occurrence Handle10874567
T Bouquin C Meier R Foster ME Nielsen J Mundy (2001) ArticleTitleControl of specific gene expression by gibberellin and brassinosteroid. Plant Physiol 127 450–458 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.127.2.450 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnslGltbs%3D Occurrence Handle11598220
P Braun A Wild (1984) ArticleTitleThe influence of brassinosteroid on growth and parameters of photosynthesis of wheat and mustard plants. J Plant Physiol 116 189–196 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXmt1OitLc%3D
P Campbell J Braam (1999) ArticleTitleXyloglucan endotransglycosylases: diversity of genes, enzymes and potential wall-modifying functions. Trends Plant Sci 4 361–366 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1360-1385(99)01468-5 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnmtFagug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10462769
M Catterou F Dubois H Schaller L Aubanelle B Vilcot BS Sangwan–Norreel RS Sangwan (2001) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroids, microtubules and cell elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. II. Effects of brassinosteroids on microtubules and cell elongation in the bul1 mutant. Planta 212 673–683 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s004250000467 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXisFSqur0%3D Occurrence Handle11346940
J Chory P Nagpal CA Peto (1991) ArticleTitlePhenotypic and genetic analysis of det2, a new mutant that affects light-regulated seedling development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 3 445–460 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXltlajtrs%3D
SD Clouse (2002) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroid signal transduction: Clarifying the pathway from ligand perception to gene expression. Mol Cell 10 973–982 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xptl2ksLw%3D Occurrence Handle12453407
SD Clouse D Zurek (1991) Molecular analysis of brassinolide action in plant growth and development. HG Cutler T Yokota G Adam (Eds) Brassinosteroids: Chemistry, Bioactivity, and Applications American Chemical Society Washington, DC 122–140
JD Cohen WJ Meudt (1983) ArticleTitleInvestigations on the mechanism of the brassinosteroid response. Plant Physiol 72 691–694 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXltVagsbY%3D
DJ Cosgrove (2000) ArticleTitleExpansive growth of plant cell walls. Plant Physiol Biochem 38 109–124 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0981-9428(00)00164-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXisVWrsLc%3D Occurrence Handle11543185
CP Darley AM Forrester SJ McQueen–Mason (2001) ArticleTitleThe molecular basis of plant cell wall extension. Plant Mol Biol 47 179–195 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1010687600670 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmslGmsbs%3D Occurrence Handle11554471
RT Davies DH Goetz J Lasswell MN Anderson B Bartel (1999) ArticleTitle IAR3 encodes an auxin conjugate hydrolase from Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 11 365–376 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.11.3.365 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitlehs7o%3D Occurrence Handle10072397
S Dhaubhadel KS Browning DR Gallie P Krishna (2002) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroid functions to protect the translational machinery and heat-shock protein synthesis following thermal stress. Plant J 29 681–691 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01257.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjs12nu7s%3D Occurrence Handle12148527
S Dhaubhadel S Chaudhary KF Dobinson P Krishna (1999) ArticleTitleTreatment with 24-epibrassinolide, a brassinosteroid, increases the basic thermotolerance of Brassica napus and tomato seedlings. Plant Mol Biol 40 333–342 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006283015582 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXkvVylu7s%3D Occurrence Handle10412911
JC Fleet (1999) ArticleTitleVitamin D receptors: Not just in the nucleus anymore. Nutr Rev 57 60–62 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M7nvFChsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10079704
DM Friedrichsen J Nemhauser T Muramitsu JN Maloof J Alonso JR Ecker M Furuya J Chory (2002) ArticleTitleThree redundant brassinosteroid early response genes encode putative bHLH transcription factors required for normal growth. Genetics 162 1445–1456 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpslCisrY%3D Occurrence Handle12454087
H Goda Y Shimada T Asami S Fujioka S Yoshida (2002) ArticleTitleMicroarray analysis of brassinosteroid-regulated genes in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 130 1319–1334 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.011254 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovVOms7g%3D Occurrence Handle12427998
M Goetz DE Godt T Roitsch (2000) ArticleTitleTissue-specific induction of the mRNA for an extracellular invertase isoenzyme of tomato by brassinosteroids suggests a role for steroid hormones in assimilate partitioning. Plant J 22 515–522 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00766.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXltFKksLc%3D Occurrence Handle10886771
LE Gregory NB Mandava (1982) ArticleTitleThe activity and interaction of brassinolide and gibberellic acid in mung bean epicotyls. Physiol Plant 54 239–243 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL38Xhtl2jtL0%3D
MD Grove GF Spencer WK Rohwedder N Mandava JF Worley JD Warthen GL Steffens JL Flippen–Anderson JC Cook (1979) ArticleTitleBrassinolide, a plant growth promoting steroid isolated from Brassica napus pollen. Nature 281 216–217 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXht1CrtLY%3D
JX He JM Gendron YL Yang JM Li ZY Wang (2002) ArticleTitleThe GSK3-like kinase BIN2 phosphorylates and destabilizes BZR1, a positive regulator of the brassinosteroid signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 10185–10190 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.152342599 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlslKgur4%3D Occurrence Handle12114546
YX Hu F Bao JY Li (2000) ArticleTitlePromotive effect of brassinosteroids on cell division involves a distinct CycD3-induction pathway in Arabidopsis. Plant J 24 693–701 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltFOktg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11123807
SR Hubbard JH Till (2000) ArticleTitleProtein tyrosine kinase structure and function. Annu Rev Biochem 69 373–398
N Ikekawa YJ Zhao (1991) Application of 24-epibrassinolide in agriculture. HG Cutler T Yokota G Adam (Eds) Brassinosteroids: Chemistry, Bioactivity, and Applications American Chemical Society Washington, DC 280–291
EA Iliev W Xu DH Polisensky MH Oh RS Torisky SD Clouse J Braam (2002) ArticleTitleTranscriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of Arabidopsis TCH4 expression by diverse stimuli. Roles of cis regions and brassinosteroids. Plant Physiol 130 770–783 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.008680 Occurrence Handle12376643
T Iwasaki H Shibaoka (1991) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroids act as regulators of tracheary-element differentiation in isolated Zinnia mesophyll cells. Plant Cell Physiol 32 1007–1014 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xjs1Kh
JR Jiang SD Clouse (2001) ArticleTitleExpression of a plant gene with sequence similarity to animal TGF-β receptor interacting protein is regulated by brassinosteroids and required for normal plant development. Plant J 26 35–45 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.2001.01007.x Occurrence Handle11359608
Y Kamuro S Takatsuto (1999) Practical application of brassinosteroids in agricultural fields. A Sakurai T Yokota SD Clouse (Eds) Brassinosteroids: Steriodal Plant Hormones Springer-Verlag Berlin 223–241
JG Kang J Yun DH Kim KS Chung S Fujioka JI Kim HW Dae S Yoshida S Takatsuto PS Song CM Park (2001) ArticleTitleLight and brassinosteroid signals are integrated via a dark-induced small G protein in etiolated seedling growth. Cell 105 625–636 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXktlSqtrs%3D Occurrence Handle11389832
M Katsumi (1985) ArticleTitleInteraction of a brassinosteroid with IAA and GA3 in the elongation of cucumber hypocotyl sections. Plant Cell Physiol 26 615–626 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXksFWhurs%3D
A Kauschmann A Jessop C Koncz M Szekeres L Willmitzer T Altmann (1996) ArticleTitleGenetic evidence for an essential role of brassinosteroids in plant development. Plant J 9 701–713 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjvVSlsr4%3D
V Khripach V Zhabinskii A De Groot (2000) ArticleTitleTwenty years of brassinosteroids: Steroidal plant hormones warrant better crops for the XXI century. Ann Bot 86 441–447 Occurrence Handle10.1006/anbo.2000.1227 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtVOqs74%3D
SK Kim H Abe CHA Little RP Pharis (1990) ArticleTitleIdentification of two brassinosteroids from the cambial region of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, after detection using a dwarf rice lamina inclination bioassay. Plant Physiol 94 1709–1713 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXjvFaguw%3D%3D
CV Koka RE Cerny RG Gardner T Noguchi S Fujioka S Takatsuto S Yoshida SD Clouse (2000) ArticleTitleA putative role for the tomato genes DUMPY and CURL-3 in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and response. Plant Physiol 122 85–98 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmvFantQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10631252
G Leubner–Metzger (2001) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroids and gibberellins promote tobacco seed germination by distinct pathways. Planta 213 758–763 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXms1Orsb0%3D Occurrence Handle11678280
J Li JQ Wen KA Lease JT Doke FE Tax JC Walker (2002) ArticleTitleBAK1, an Arabidopsis LRR receptor-like protein kinase, interacts with BRI1 and modulates brassinosteroid signaling. Cell 110 213–222 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlvV2htro%3D Occurrence Handle12150929
JM Li KH Nam (2002) ArticleTitleRegulation of brassinosteroid signaling by a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase. Science 295 1299–1301 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhsVGhsLc%3D Occurrence Handle11847343
NB Mandava (1988) ArticleTitlePlant growth-promoting brassinosteroids. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 39 23–52 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXlsVKhtrY%3D
NB Mandava JM Sasse JH Yopp (1981) ArticleTitleBrassinolide, a growth-promoting steroidal lactone II. Activity in selected gibberellin and cytokinin bioassays. Physiol Plant 53 453–461 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL38XmsVWiug%3D%3D
JF Martinez–Garcia E Huq PH Quail (2000) ArticleTitleDirect targeting of light signals to a promoter element-bound transcription factor. Science 288 859–863 Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.288.5467.859 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjtFGis7k%3D Occurrence Handle10797009
J Massague (1998) ArticleTitleTGF-β signal transduction. Annu Rev Biochem 67 753–791 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlsFOmsbY%3D Occurrence Handle9759503
J Mathur G Molnar S Fujioka S Takatsuto A Sakurai T Yokota G Adam B Voigt F Nagy C Maas J Schell C Koncz M Szekeres (1998) ArticleTitleTranscription of the Arabidopsis CPD gene, encoding a steroidogenic cytochrome P450, is negatively controlled by brassinosteroids. Plant J 14 593–602 Occurrence Handle9675902
K Mayumi H Shibaoka (1995) ArticleTitleA possible double role for brassinolide in the reorientation of cortical microtubules in the epidermal cells of azuki bean epicotyls. Plant Cell Physiol 36 173–181 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjsVygtr4%3D
G Molnár S Bancos F Nagy M Szekeres (2002) ArticleTitleCharacterisation of BRH1, a brassinosteroid-responsive RING-H2 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 215 127–133 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00425-001-0723-z Occurrence Handle12012249
FJ Munoz E Labrador B Dopico (1998) ArticleTitleBrassinolides promote the expression of a new Cicer arietinum β-tubulin gene involved in the epicotyl elongation. Plant Mol Biol 37 807–817 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006013718429 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkvVyktb0%3D Occurrence Handle9678576
C Müssig C Biesgen J Lisso U Uwer EW Weiler T Altmann (2000) ArticleTitleA novel stress-inducible 12-oxophytodienoate reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana provides a potential link between brassinosteroid-action and jasmonic-acid synthesis. J Plant Physiol 157 143–152 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXms1ygtrc%3D
C Müssig S Fischer T Altmann (2002) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroid-regulated gene expression. Plant Physiol 129 1241–1251 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.011003 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlsFajsbY%3D Occurrence Handle12114578
N Nagata T Asami S Yoshida (2001) ArticleTitleBrassinazole, an inhibitor of brassinosteroid biosynthesis, inhibits development of secondary xylem in cress plants (Lepidium sativum). Plant Cell Physiol 42 1006–1011 Occurrence Handle10.1093/pcp/pce122 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXntFWksb8%3D Occurrence Handle11577196
N Nagata YK Min T Nakano T Asami S Yoshida (2000) ArticleTitleTreatment of dark-grown Arabidopsis thaliana with a brassinosteroid-biosynthesis inhibitor, brassinazole, induces some characteristics of light-grown plants. Planta 211 781–790 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotVKntrg%3D Occurrence Handle11144262
H Nakashita M Yasuda T Nitta T Asami S Fujioka Y Arai K Sekimata S Takatsuto I Yamaguchi S Yoshida (2003) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroid functions in a broad range of disease resistance in tobacco and rice. Plant J 33 887–898 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01675.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXis1GlsL4%3D Occurrence Handle12609030
M Nakaya H Tsukaya N Murakami M Kato (2002) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroids control the proliferation of leaf cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 43 239–244 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhslOksL4%3D Occurrence Handle11867704
KH Nam JM Li (2002) ArticleTitleBRI1/BAK1, a receptor kinase pair mediating brassinosteroid signaling. Cell 110 203–212 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlvV2htr0%3D Occurrence Handle12150928
MM Neff SM Nguyen EJ Malancharuvil S Fujioka T Noguchi H Seto M Tsubuki T Honda S Takatsuto S Yoshida J Chory (1999) ArticleTitle BAS1: A gene regulating brassinosteroid levels and light responsiveness in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 15316–15323 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.96.26.15316 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtFehsA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10611382
M Ni JM Tepperman PH Quail (1998) ArticleTitlePIF3, a phytochrome-interacting factor necessary for normal photoinduced signal transduction, is a novel basic helix-loop-helix protein. Cell 95 657–667 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnvFynur8%3D Occurrence Handle9845368
F Nicol I His A Jauneau S Vernhettes H Canut H Höfte (1998) ArticleTitleA plasma membrane-bound putative endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase is required for normal wall assembly and cell elongation in Arabidopsis. EMBO J 17 5563–5576 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmvVyjs74%3D Occurrence Handle9755157
MH Oh SD Clouse (1998) ArticleTitleBrassinolide affects the rate of cell division in isolated leaf protoplasts of Petunia hybrida. Plant Cell Rep 17 921–924 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmsVSlsrw%3D
MH Oh WK Ray SC Huber JM Asara DA Gage SD Clouse (2000) ArticleTitleRecombinant brassinosteroid insensitive 1 receptor-like kinase autophosphorylates on serine and threonine residues and phosphorylates a conserved peptide motif in vitro. Plant Physiol 124 751–765 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.124.2.751 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnsF2rsb0%3D Occurrence Handle11027724
K Ohashi–Ito T Demura H Fukuda (2002) ArticleTitlePromotion of transcript accumulation of novel Zinnia immature xylem-specific HD-Zip III homeobox genes by brassinosteroids. Plant Cell Physiol 43 1146–1153 Occurrence Handle10.1093/pcp/pcf135 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xot12htLc%3D Occurrence Handle12407194
JM Pérez-Pérez MR Ponce JL Micol (2002) ArticleTitleThe UCU1 Arabidopsis gene encodes a SHAGGY/GSK3-like kinase required for cell expansion along the proximodistal axis. Dev Biol 242 161–173
S Pien J Wyrzykowska AJ Fleming (2001) ArticleTitleNovel marker genes for early leaf development indicate spatial regulation of carbohydrate metabolism within the apical meristem. Plant J 25 663–674 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01002.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjvVOisrg%3D Occurrence Handle11319033
JKC Rose J Braam SC Fry K Nishitani (2002) ArticleTitleThe XTH family of enzymes involved in xyloglucan endotransglucosylation and endohydrolysis: current perspectives and a new unifying nomenclature. Plant Cell Physiol 43 1421–1435
J Sasse (1999) Physiological actions of brassinosteroids. A Sakurai T Yokota SD Clouse (Eds) Brassinosteroids: Steriodal Plant Hormones Springer Verlag Berlin 137–161
F Schaller C Biesgen C Müssig T Altmann EW Weiler (2000) ArticleTitle12-Oxophytodienoate reductase 3 (OPR3) is the isoenzyme involved in jasmonate biosynthesis. Planta 210 979–984 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjtVWrtLw%3D Occurrence Handle10872231
C Schlagnhaufer RN Arteca (1983) ArticleTitleA brassinolide cytokinin interaction on ethylene production by etiolated mung bean segments. Plant Physiol 72 146 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXktF2kt74%3D
U Schlüter D Köpke T Altmann C Müssig (2002) ArticleTitleAnalysis of carbohydrate metabolism of CPD antisense plants and the brassinosteroid-deficient cbb1 mutant. Plant Cell Environ 25 783–791 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00860.x
BMW Schmidt D Gerdes M Feuring E Falkenstein M Christ M Wehling (2000) ArticleTitleRapid, nongenomic steroid actions: A new age? Front Neuroendocrinol 21 57–94 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXovVaitg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10662536
CM Steber P McCourt (2001) ArticleTitleA role for brassinosteroids in germination in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 125 763–769 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.125.2.763 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhs1KlsLc%3D Occurrence Handle11161033
GM Symons JB Reid (2003) ArticleTitleHormone levels and response during de-etiolation in pea. Planta 216 422–431 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtlOitLg%3D Occurrence Handle12520333
GM Symons L Schultz LHJ Kerckhoffs NW Davies D Gregory JB Reid (2002) ArticleTitleUncoupling brassinosteroid levels and de-etiolation in pea. Physiol Plant 115 311–319 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XltVGmsL4%3D Occurrence Handle12060251
M Szekeres K Nemeth Z Koncz–Kalman J Mathur A Kauschmann T Altmann GP Redei F Nagy J Schell C Koncz (1996) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroids rescue the deficiency of CYP90, a cytochrome P450, controlling cell elongation and de-etiolation in Arabidopsis. Cell 85 171–182 Occurrence Handle8612270
T Takahashi A Gasch N Nishizawa NH Chua (1995) ArticleTitleThe DIMINUTO gene of Arabidopsis is involved in regulating cell elongation. Genes Dev 9 97–107 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjtFWqtLc%3D Occurrence Handle7828854
K Takeno RP Pharis (1982) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroid-induced bending of the leaf lamina of dwarf rice seedlings: an auxin mediated phenomenon. Plant Cell Physiol 23 1275–1282 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXivVal
S Uozu M Tanaka–Ueguchi H Kitano K Hattori M Matsuoka (2000) ArticleTitleCharacterization of XET-related genes of rice. Plant Physiol 122 853–859 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.122.3.853 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXktFSqt74%3D Occurrence Handle10712549
TW Wang DJ Cosgrove RN Arteca (1993) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroid stimulation of hypocotyl elongation and wall relaxation in pakchoi (Brassica chinensis cv Lei-Choi). Plant Physiol 101 965–968 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXkvFWgu7Y%3D
ZY Wang T Nakano J Gendron JX He M Chen D Vafeados YL Yang S Fujioka S Yoshida T Asami J Chory (2002) ArticleTitleNuclear-localized BZR1 mediates brassinosteroid-induced growth and feedback suppression of brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Dev Cell 2 505–513 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjt1ertr4%3D Occurrence Handle11970900
CS Watson B Gametchu (1999) ArticleTitleMembrane-initiated steroid actions and the proteins that mediate them. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 220 9–19 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1525-1373.1999.d01-2.x Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjslamsA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9893163
M Wehling (1997) ArticleTitleSpecific, nongenomic actions of steroid hormones. Annu Rev Physiol 59 365–393 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.physiol.59.1.365 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhvVSjtLY%3D Occurrence Handle9074769
W Xu P Campbell AK Vargheese J Braam (1996) ArticleTitleThe Arabidopsis XET-related gene family—environmental and hormonal regulation of expression. Plant J 9 879–889 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XksFyqsrY%3D Occurrence Handle8696366
W Xu MM Purugganan DH Polisensky DM Antosiewicz SC Fry J Braam (1995) ArticleTitle Arabidopsis TCH4, regulated by hormones and the environment, encodes a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase. Plant Cell 7 1555–1567 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.7.10.1555 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXovFCqtbY%3D Occurrence Handle7580251
R Yamamoto T Demura H Fukuda (1997) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroids induce entry into the final stage of tracheary element differentiation in cultured Zinnia cells. Plant Cell Physiol 38 980–983 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlsVGnsr8%3D Occurrence Handle9440936
R Yamamoto S Fujioka T Demura S Takatsuto S Yoshida H Fukuda (2001) ArticleTitleBrassinosteroid levels increase drastically prior to morphogenesis of tracheary elements. Plant Physiol 125 556–563 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.125.2.556 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhs1Klsrc%3D Occurrence Handle11161013
HC Yi S Joo KH Nam JS Lee BG Kang WT Kim (1999) ArticleTitleAuxin and brassinosteroid differentially regulate the expression of three members of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene family in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) Plant Mol Biol 41 443–454 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1006372612574 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXotFeiu7g%3D Occurrence Handle10608655
YH Yin H Cheong D Friedrichsen YD Zhao JP Hu S Mora–Garcia J Chory (2002a) ArticleTitleA crucial role for the putative Arabidopsis topoisomerase VI in plant growth and development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 10191–10196 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlslKgur8%3D
YH Yin ZY Wang S Mora–Garcia JM Li S Yoshida T Asami J Chory (2002b) ArticleTitleBES1 accumulates in the nucleus in response to brassinosteroids to regulate gene expression and promote stem elongation. Cell 109 181–191 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjt1ektLc%3D
JH Yopp GC Colclasure N Mandava (1979) ArticleTitleEffects of brassin complex on auxin and gibberellin mediated events in the morphogenesis of the etiolated bean hypocotyl. Physiol Plant 46 247–254 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXlslWktbw%3D
JH Yopp NB Mandava JM Sasse (1981) ArticleTitleBrassinolide, a growth-promoting steroidal lactone I. Activity in selected auxin bioassays. Physiol Plant 53 445–452
T Yoshizumi N Nagata H Shimada M Matsui (1999) ArticleTitleAn Arabidopsis cell cycle-dependent kinase-related gene, CDC2b, plays a role in regulating seedling growth in darkness. Plant Cell 11 1883–1895 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntFCgt7k%3D Occurrence Handle10521519
DM Zurek SD Clouse (1994) ArticleTitleMolecular cloning and characterization of a brassinosteroid-regulated gene from elongating soybean (Glycine max L.) epicotyls. Plant Physiol 104 161–170 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.104.1.161 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhvVCgtb4%3D Occurrence Handle8115544
DM Zurek DL Rayle TC McMorris SD Clouse (1994) ArticleTitleInvestigation of gene expression, growth kinetics, and wall extensibility during brassinosteroid-regulated stem elongation. Plant Physiol 104 505–513 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXjtF2msLc%3D
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Müssig, C., Altmann, T. Genomic Brassinosteroid Effects . J Plant Growth Regul 22, 313–324 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-003-0061-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-003-0061-4