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Geographical distribution of red and green Noctiluca scintillans

  • Species and Species-Specific Patterns and Responses
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Abstract

The dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans is one of the most important and abundant red tide organisms and it is distributed world-wide. It occurs in two forms. Red Noctiluca is heterotrophic and fills the role of one of the microzooplankton grazers in the foodweb. In contrast, green Noctiluca contains a photosynthetic symbiont Pedinomonas noctilucae (a prasinophyte), but it also feeds on other plankton when the food supply is abundant. In this review, we document the global distribution of these two forms and include the first maps of their global distribution. Red Noctiluca occurs widely in the temperate to sub-tropical coastal regions of the world. It occurs over a wide temperature range of about 10°C to 25°C and at higher salinities (generally not in estuaries). It is particularly abundant in high productivity areas such as upwelling or eutrophic areas where diatoms dominate since they are its preferred food source. Green Noctiluca is much more restricted to a temperature range of 25°C–30°C and mainly occurs in tropical waters of Southeast Asia, Bay of Bengal (east coast of India), in the eastern, western and northern Arabian Sea, the Red Sea, and recently it has become very abundant in the Gulf of Oman. Red and green Noctiluca do overlap in their distribution in the eastern, northern and western Arabian Sea with a seasonal shift from green Noctiluca in the cooler winter convective mixing, higher productivity season, to red Noctiluca in the more oligotrophic warmer summer season.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China

    P. J. Harrison, J. Xu, H. B. Liu & J. H. W. Lee

  2. Department of Aquatic Bioscience, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan

    K. Furuya

  3. Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA

    P. M. Glibert

  4. School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

    K. Yin

  5. Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA

    D. M. Anderson

  6. Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK

    R. Gowen

  7. Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, 123, Sultanate of Oman

    A. R. Al-Azri

  8. Agriculture, Fisheries, and Conservation Department, Hong Kong, China

    A. Y. T. Ho

Authors
  1. P. J. Harrison
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  2. K. Furuya
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  3. P. M. Glibert
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  4. J. Xu
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  5. H. B. Liu
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  6. K. Yin
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  7. J. H. W. Lee
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  8. D. M. Anderson
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  9. R. Gowen
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  10. A. R. Al-Azri
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  11. A. Y. T. Ho
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. J. Harrison.

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Harrison, P.J., Furuya, K., Glibert, P.M. et al. Geographical distribution of red and green Noctiluca scintillans . Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 29, 807–831 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-011-0510-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-011-0510-z

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