Abstract
We investigated the developmental expression pattern of AmphiCaM in cephalochordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense). We cultured and sampled the animals at different developmental stages (eggs and larvae), and used in-situ hybridization and northern blotting to document the spatial and temporal changes in AmphiCaM expression. The alimentary tract dominates the development from the late neurula stage to the adult stage. AmphiCaM expression increased significantly in the alimentary tract during the late neurula stage and remained elevated in the adults. Our results indicate that AmphiCaM is involved in the differentiation of the alimentary tract in amphioxus; and furthermore, provide an insight into the change in function of CaM genes during evolution.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bachs O, Agell N. 1995. Calmodulin and calmoudlin-binding proteins in the cell nucleus. In: Bachs O, Agell N eds. Calcium and Calmodulin Function in the Cell Nucleus. Springer-Verlag, New York. p. 217–240.
Bateson W. 1886. The ancestry of the chordata. Quart. J. Micro. Sci., 26: 535–571.
Chien Y H, Dawid I B. 1984. Isolation and characterization of calmodulingenes from Xenopus laevis. Mol. Cell. Biol., 4(3): 507–513.
Crivici A, Ikura M. 1996. Molecular and structural basis of target recognition by calmodulin. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct., 24: 85–116.
Di G A, Villani M G, Locascio A, Ristoratore F, Aniello F, Branno M. 1998. Developmental regulation and tissue-specific localization of calmodulin mRNA in the protochordate Ciona intestinalis. Dev. Growth Differ., 40(4): 387–394.
Friedberg F, Taliaferro L. 2005. Calmodulin genes in zebrafish. Mol. Biol. Rep., 32(1): 55–60.
Garstang W. 1928. The morphology of the Tunicata, and its bearings on the phylogeny of the chordata. Quart. J. Micro. Sci., 72: 51–187.
Holland L Z, Holland P W H, Holland N D. 1996. Revealing homologies between body parts of distantly related animals by in situ hybridization to developmental genes: Amphioxus versus vertebrates. In: Ferraris J D ed. Molecular Zoology: Advances, Strategies, and Protocols. Wiley-Liss, New York. p. 267–282.
Hultschig C, Hecht H J, Frank R. 2004. Systematic delineation of a calmodulin peptide interaction. J. Mol. Biol., 343(3): 559–568.
Ikeshima H, Yuasa S, Matsuo K, Kawamura K, Hata J, Takano T. 1993. Expression of three non-allelic genes coding calmodulin exhibit similar localization on the central nervous system of adult rats. J. Neurosci. Res., 36(1): 111–119.
Kawasaki H, Kretsinger R H. 1995. Calcium binding proteins I: EFhands. Prot. Profile., 2(4): 297–490.
Kovalick G E, Beckingham K. 1992. Calmodulin transcription is limited to the nervous system during Drosophilia embryogenesis. Dev. Biol., 150(1): 33–46.
Lin Y, Zhang X, Liang K, Yang H, Zhang H. 2005. Phylogenetic analysis and developmental expression of brp-like genes in amphioxus and zebrafish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol., 141(1): 71–76.
Liu Z, Zhang S, Liu M, Wang Y, Chu J, Xu A. 2004. Evolution and expression of the amphioxus AmphiHMGB gene encoding an HMG-box protein. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 137(1): 131–138.
Luan J, Liu Z, Zhang S, Li H, Fan C, Li L. 2007. Characterization, evolution and expression of the calmodulin1 genes from the amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense. Acta. Biochim. Biophys. Sin., 39(4): 255–264.
Smoake J A, Song S Y, Cheung W Y. 1974. Cyclic 3′, 5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase distribution and developmental changes of the enzyme and its protein activator in mammalian tissues and cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 341(2): 402–411.
Stokes M D, Holland N D. 1998. The lancelet: also known as “amphioxus”, this curious creature has returned to the limelight as a player in the phylogenetic history of the vertebrates. Amer. Sci., 86: 552–560.
Tung T C, Wu S C, Tung Y F. 1958. The development of isolated blastomeres of Amphioxus. Sci. Sin., 7(12): 1 280–1 320.
Van Eldik L J, Roberts D M. 1988. Calcium modulated proteins in pathophysiology. In: Thompson M P, ed. Calcium-binding Proteins. Volume II: Biological Functions. CRC Press, Florida, Washington DC. p. 401–403.
Van Eldik L J, Watterson D M. 1998. Calmodulin and Signal transduction. In: Van Eldik L J, Watterson D M, eds. Calmodulin and Signal Transduction. Academic Press, New York. p. 1–19.
Vogel H J. 1994. The Merck Frosst Award Lecture 1994. Calmodulin: a versatile calcium mediator protein. Biochem. Cell. Biol., 72(9–10): 357–376.
Zhang S C, Yuan J D, Li H Y. 2001. Amphioxus-model animal for insights into the origin and evolution of the vertebrates. Chin. Bull. Life Sci., 13(5): 214–218. (in Chinese)
Zhao B, Zhang S, Wang Y, Liu Z, Kong D. 2006. Characterization and expression of p23 gene in the amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri. Comp. Biochem. Phys. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 145(1): 10–15.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported in part by Shandong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau (SK200807)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Luan, J., Geng, J., Fang, S. et al. Developmental expression pattern of calmodulin gene in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense . Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 28, 1221–1226 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-010-9035-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-010-9035-0