Abstract
This paper proposes a multi-image encryption method based on ghost imaging of Hadamard basis patterns and spatial multiplexing. In the encryption process, firstly, the pixels of each original image are rearranged in ascending order, and then each image rearranged is transformed by Fourier transformation. Most of the spectral information of the images after Fourier transformation is concentrated in the central part, which is sampled by spectrum clipping. Multiple sampled images are combined into one image by spatial multiplexing technology after inverse operation of Fourier transformation is performed. Finally, the combined image is encrypted by ghost imaging using Hadamard basis patterns to obtain ciphertext. In the decryption process, the original plaintext images are reconstructed by compressive sensing algorithm using Hadamard basis patterns and the position index matrices of each original image. We prove the safety and robustness of the proposed method through numerical simulation analysis. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation analysis prove the safety and robustness of the proposed method.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W. Chen, B. Javidi, X. Chen, Advances in optical security systems. Adv. Opt. Photonics 6(2), 120–155 (2014)
O. Matoba, T. Nomura, E. Perez-Cabre et al., Optical techniques for information security. Proc. IEEE 97(6), 1128–1148 (2009)
S. Jiang, Y. Wang, T. Long et al., Information security scheme based on computational temporal ghost imaging. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 7676 (2017)
T. Zhao, Q. Ran, L. Yuan et al., Security of image encryption scheme based on multi-parameter fractional Fourier transform. Opt. Commun. 376, 47–51 (2016)
P. Refregier, B. Javidi, Optical image encryption based on input plane and Fourier plane random encoding. Opt. Lett. 20(7), 767–769 (1995)
J.X. Chen, Z.L. Zhu, C. Fu et al., Cryptanalysis and improvement of an optical image encryption scheme using a chaotic Baker map and double random phase encoding. J. Opt. 16(12), 125403 (2014)
X.B. Liu, W.B. Mei, H.Q. Du, Optical image encryption based on compressive sensing and chaos in the fractional Fourier domain. J. Mod. Opt. 61(19), 1570–1577 (2014)
W. Chen, X. Wang, X. Chen, Optical information authentication using compressed double-random-phase-encoded images and quick-response codes. Opt. Express 23(5), 6239–6253 (2015)
A. Alfalou, C. Brosseau, Optical image compression and encryption method. Adv. Opt. Photonics 1(3), 589–636 (2019)
W. Zamrani, E. Ahouzi, A. Lizana et al., Optical image encryption technique based on deterministic phase masks. Opt. Eng. 55(10), 103108 (2016)
N.R. Zhou, Y.X. Wang, L.H. Gong, Novel optical image encryption scheme based on fractional Mellin transform. Opt. Commun. 284(13), 3234–3242 (2011)
W. Qin, X. Peng, Vulnerability to known-plaintext attack of optical encryption schemes based on two fractional Fourier transform order keys and double random phase keys. J. Opt. A Pure Appl. Opt. 11(7), 075402 (2009)
H. Liu, D. Xiao, Y.B. Liu et al., Securely compressive sensing using double random phase encoding. Optik 126(20), 2663–2670 (2015)
X.F. Meng, L.Z. Cai, X.F. Xu et al., Two-step phase-shifting interferometry and its application in image encryption. Opt. Lett. 31(10), 1414–1416 (2006)
S.K. Rajput, N.K. Nishchal, Known-plaintext attack-based optical cryptosystem using phase-truncated Fresnel transform. Appl. Opt. 52(4), 871–878 (2013)
J. Wu, W. Liu, Z. Liu et al., Correlated-imaging-based chosen plaintext attack on general cryptosystems composed of linear canonical transforms and phase encodings. Opt. Commun. 338, 164–167 (2015)
O. Katz, Y. Bromberg, Y. Silberberg, Compressive ghost imaging. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(13), 131110 (2009)
M. Tanha, S. Ahmadi-Kandjani, R. Kheradmand et al., Computational fluorescence ghost imaging. Eur. Phys. J. D 67(2), 44 (2013)
Y. Bromberg, O. Katz, Y. Silberberg, Ghost imaging with a single detector. Phys. Rev. A. 79(5), 053840 (2009)
N. Radwell, K.J. Mitchell, G.M. Gibson et al., Single-pixel infrared and visible microscope. Optica 1(5), 285–289 (2014)
Z. Zhang, X. Ma, J. Zhong, Single-pixel imaging by means of Fourier spectrum acquisition. Nat. Commun. 6, 6225 (2015)
J.J. Wu, Z.W. Xie, Z.J. Liu et al., Multiple-image encryption based on computational ghost imaging. Opt. Commun. 359, 38–43 (2016)
S.M. Zhao et al., Fast reconstructed and high-quality ghost imaging with fast Walsh–Hadamard transform. Photonics Res. 4(6), 240–244 (2016)
S. Yuan, Y.R. Yang, X.M. Liu, Optical image transformation and encryption by phase-retrieval-based double random-phase encoding and compressive ghost imaging. Opt. Lasers Eng. 100, 105–110 (2018)
Acknowledgements
This study is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant no. 18ZR1425800), the Open Project of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Evaluation (Grant no. CGHBMWSJC03), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 61875125).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yuan, X., Zhang, L., Chen, J. et al. Multiple-image encryption scheme based on ghost imaging of Hadamard matrix and spatial multiplexing. Appl. Phys. B 125, 174 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-019-7286-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-019-7286-9