Skip to main content
Log in

Highly sensitive standoff detection of explosives via backward coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering

  • Published:
Applied Physics B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The detection of particles of explosives and related compounds by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (B-CARS) was studied in detail. The B-CARS signal intensity was compared to that of spontaneous Raman scattering and its dependence on the distance between the sample and the detection system was found. Our measurements imply that B-CARS allows favorable detection as compared to Raman. It is estimated that for pulse energies of 10 mJ of the pump and Stokes laser beams, detection of trace amounts of samples from distances of ∼10 to 200 m might be possible applying B-CARS, depending on the species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M.D. Ray, A.J. Sedlacek, M. Wu, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 3485 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Wu, M. Ray, K.H. Fung, M.W. Ruckman, D. Harder, A.J. Sedlacek, Appl. Spectrosc. 54, 800 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. J.C. Carter, S.M. Angel, M. Lawrence-Snyder, J. Scaffidi, R.E. Whipple, J.G. Reynolds, Appl. Spectrosc. 59, 769 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. J.C. Carter, J. Scaffidi, S. Burnett, B. Vasser, S.K. Sharma, S.M. Angel, Spectrochim. Acta A 61, 2288 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. S.K. Sharma, A.K. Misra, P.G. Lucey, S.M. Angel, C.P. Mckay, Appl. Spectrosc. 60, 871 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Gaft, L. Nagli, Proc. SPIE 6739, 673903 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. D.S. Moore, R.J. Scharff, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 393, 1571 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. J.W. Nibler, G.V. Knighten, in Raman Spectroscopy of Gases and Liquids, ed. by A. Weber (Springer, Berlin, 1979), pp. 253–299

    Google Scholar 

  9. J.J. Valentini, in Laser Spectroscopy and its Applications, ed. by L.J. Radziemski, R.W. Solarz, J.A. Paisner. Opt. Sci. Eng. Ser., vol. 11 (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987), pp. 507–564

    Google Scholar 

  10. J.I. Steinfeld, J. Wormhoudt, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 49, 203 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Nambayah, T.I. Quickenden, Talanta 63, 461 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. D.S. Moore, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 2499 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. H.S. Napadenskyed (ed.), Existing and Potential Standoff Explosives Detection Techniques (The National Academies Press, Washington, 2004)

    Google Scholar 

  14. M.W.P. Petryk, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 42, 287 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. C. Bauer, A.K. Sharma, U. Willer, J. Burgmeier, B. Braunschweig, W. Schade, S. Blaser, L. Hvozdara, A. Müller, G. Holl, Appl. Phys. B 92, 327 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. R.P. Régnier, J.P.E. Taran, Appl. Phys. Lett. 23, 24 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. R.J. Hall, A.C. Eckbreth, Opt. Eng. 20, 494 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  18. T. Dreier, B. Lange, J. Wolfrum, M. Zahn, Appl. Phys. B 45, 183 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. F. Grisch, M. Pealat, P. Bouchardy, J.P. Taran, I. Bar, D. Heflinger, S. Rosenwaks, Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 3516 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. Buhler, Y. Prior, Diam. Relat. Mater. 8, 673 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. M.D. Duncan, J. Reintjes, T.J. Manuccia, Opt. Lett. 7, 350 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Zumbusch, G.R. Holton, X.S. Xie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4142 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Hashimoto, T. Araki, Opt. Lett. 25, 1768 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. E.O. Potma, W.P. de Boeij, P.J.M. van Haastert, D.A. Wiersma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 98, 1577 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. N. Dudovich, D. Oron, Y. Silberberg, Nature (London) 418, 512 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. D. Oron, N. Dudovich, Y. Silberberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 213902–1 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. G.I. Petrov, V.V. Yakovlev, A.V. Sokolov, M.O. Scully, Opt. Express 13, 9537 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. D. Pestov, R.K. Murawski, G.O. Ariunbold, X. Wang, M.C. Zhi, A.V. Sokolov, V.A. Sautenkov, Y.V. Rostovtsev, A. Dogariu, Y. Huang, M.O. Scully, Science 316, 265 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. H. Li, D.A. Harris, B. Xu, P.J. Wrzesinski, V.V. Lozovoy, M. Dantus, Opt. Express 16, 5499 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. O. Katz, A. Natan, Y. Silberberg, S. Rosenwaks, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 171116 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Portnov, S. Rosenwaks, I. Bar, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 041115 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. N. Djaker, D. Gachet, N. Sandeau, P.-F. Lenne, H. Rigneault, Appl. Opt. 45, 7005 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. D.R. Skinner, R.E. Whitcher, J. Phys. E 5, 237 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. J.M. Dudik, C.R. Johnson, S.A. Asher, J. Chem. Phys. 82, 1732 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Rosenwaks.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Portnov, A., Bar, I. & Rosenwaks, S. Highly sensitive standoff detection of explosives via backward coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Appl. Phys. B 98, 529–535 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-009-3709-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-009-3709-3

PACS

Navigation