Abstract
We describe a technique of simultaneous detection of 14NO and 15NO by means of Faraday Modulation Spectroscopy (FAMOS) based on a cw distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (QCL) operating near 5.4 μm. FAMOS is a spectroscopic method for selective, sensitive, and time-resolved detection of free radical molecules such as NO, in the mid-infrared spectral region. The selected spectral lines are the Q (1.5) for 15NO located at 1842.76 cm−1 and the P (9.5) for 14NO located at 1842.93 cm−1. The detection limit (1σ) of 6 ppb \(/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}\) for 15NO and 62 ppb \(/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}\) for 14NO has been achieved. The simultaneous detection was performed using a fast laser frequency switching between the two isotopologues with a time resolution of 2 s. The isotope ratio (δ 15N) has been determined with a precision (1σ) of 0.52‰ at 800-s averaging time for 100 ppm NO-gas with a time resolution of 2 s. δ 15N is determined after NO release from nitrite by chemical reduction with potassium iodine.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R.G. Knowles, S. Moncada, Nitric oxide syntheses in mammals. Biochem. J. 298, 249–258 (1994)
C.V. Suschek, T. Schewe, H. Sies, K.D. Kröncke, Nitrite, a naturally occurring precursor of nitric oxide that acts like a ‘prodrug’. Biol. Chem. 387, 499–506 (2006)
M.T. Gladwin, J.H. Crawford, R.P. Patel, The biochemistry of nitric oxide, nitrite and hemoglobin, role in blood flow regulation. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 36, 707–717 (2004)
Paunel, , Enzyme-independent nitric oxide formation during UVA challenge of human skin, characterization, molecular sources, and mechanisms. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 38, 606–615 (2005)
H. Heller, R. Gabler, S. Brand, A. Jentsch, K. Granitza, B. Eixmann, T. Breitbach, C. Franz, Y. Ukin, W. Urban, K.D. Schuster, Pulmonary 15NO uptake in man. Eur. J. Physiol. 446, 256–260 (2003)
L.S. Rothman, D. Jacquemart, D.C. Barbe, D.C. Berner, M. Birk, L.R. Brown, M.R. Carleer, C. Chackerian, K. Chance, L.H. Coudert, V. Dana, V.M. Devi, J.M. Flaud, R.R. Gamache, A. Goldman, J.M. Hartmann, K.W. Jucks, A.G. Maki, J.Y. Mandin, S.T. Massie, J. Orphal, A. Perrin, C.P. Rinsland, M.A.H. Smith, J. Tennyson, R.N. Tolchenov, R.A. Toth, J. Vander Auwera, P. Varanasi, G. Wagner, The HITRAN 2004 molecular spectroscopic database. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 96, 139–204 (2005)
J.C. Avice, A. Ourry, P. Laine, N. Roland, S. Louahlia, E. Roussel, S. Brookes, J. Boucaud, A rapid and reliable method for NO quantification and 15NO/14NO determination using isotope ratio mass spectroscopy, an application for the detection of NO synthesis in propionibacteria. Rapid Commun. Mass. Spectrom. 13, 1197–1200 (1999)
C. Mitscherling, J. Lauenstein, C. Maul, A.A. Veselov, O.S. Vasyutinskii, K.H. Gericke, Non-invasive and isotope-selective lacer-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of nitric oxide in exhaled air. J. Breath Rep. 1, 026003 (2007)
D. Halmer, G. von Basum, M. Horstjann, P. Hering, M. Mürtz, Time resolved simultaneous detection of 14NO and 15NO via mid-infrared cavity leak.out spectroscopy. Isot. Environ. Health Stud. 41(4), 303–311 (2005)
T. Fritsch, P. Brouzos, K. Heinrich, M. Kelm, T. Rassaf, P. Hering, P. Kleinbongard, M. Mürtz, NO detection in biological samples: Differentiation of 14NO and 15NO using infrared laser spectroscopy. Nitric Oxide 19, 50–56 (2008)
M. Koch, X. Luo, P. Mürtz, W. Urban, K. Mörike, Detection of small traces of 15N2 and 14N2 by Faraday LMR Spectroscopy of the corresponding isotopomers of nitric oxide. Appl. Phys. B 64, 683 (1997)
H. Ganser, W. Urban, J.M. Brown, The sensitive detection of NO by Faraday modulation spectroscopy with a quantum cascade laser. Mol. Phys. 101, 545 (2003)
H. Ganser, M. Horstjann, C.V. Suschek, P. Hering, M. Mürtz, Online monitoring of biogenic nitric oxide with a quantum cascade laser-based Faraday modulation technique. Appl. Phys. B 78, 513 (2004)
T. Fritsch, M. Horstjann, D. Halmer, Sabana, P. Hering, M. Mürtz, Magnetic Faraday modulation spectroscopy of the 1–0 band of 14NO and 15NO. Appl. Phys. B (2008). doi:10.1007/s00340-008-3223-z
P. Werle, R. Mucke, F. Slemr, The limits of signal averaging in atmospheric trace gas monitoring by tunable diode-laser absorption-spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. B 57, 131–139 (1993)
B. Tuzson, M.J. Zeeman, M.S. Zahniser, L. Emmegger, Quantum cascade laser based spectrometer for in situ stable carbon dioxide isotope measurements. Infrared. Phys. Technol. 51, 198–206 (2008)
H. Waechter, J. Mohn, B. Tuzson, L. Emmenegger, M.W. Sigrist, Determination of N2O isotopomers with quantum cascade laser based absorption spectroscopy. OSA 16(12) (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Sabana’s permanent adress: CEPAMOOQ, University of Douala, P.O. Box 8580, Douala, Cameroon.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sabana, H., Fritsch, T., Boyomo Onana, M. et al. Simultaneous detection of 14NO and 15NO using Faraday modulation spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. B 96, 535–544 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-009-3602-0
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-009-3602-0