Abstract
This study is aimed to identify the role of Fe2O3 in enhancing the efficiency of THG beam of Nd:YAG laser in lead zirconium silicate glass ceramics. The PbO–ZrO2–SiO2:Fe2O3 glass ceramics were synthesized by heat-treating the glasses for a prolonged time. XRD and SEM studies were performed to identify different crystalline phases in the samples. The SEM pictures have shown the presence of multiple crystallites of size in the range 0.1–0.6 µm, while characterization by XRD technique indicated the glass ceramic samples consist of perovskite Pb2FeIII2O5, FeII2SiO4, crystal phases. These studies have also demonstrated that there is an enhancement in the concentration of Fe3+ (Oh) crystalline phases with increasing quantity of Fe2O3 in the samples. Spectroscopic investigations (viz., IR and optical absorption) have further reinforced the above result and additionally indicated an increased degree of internal chaos in the material. The intensity of third harmonic generation (THG) beam of Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) measured in the reflected regime after the pre-photopolarization of the samples indicated the largest intensity for the samples containing the highest concentration of Fe2O3. Thorough analysis of these results indicated that the tilted glass samples heat-treated with 0.5 mol% of Fe2O3 have significant chaotic internal structure and paved the way for obtaining intense THG signal with minimal phonon losses. Hence, such glass ceramics are predicted to be useful materials in the design of different optoelectronic devices.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Seidel, M. Dittmer, W. Höland, C. Rüssel, High-strength, translucent glass ceramics in the system MgO–ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2–ZrO2. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 37, 2685–2694 (2017)
M.F. Pércio, S. Denofre de Campos, R. Schneider, E. Antonio de Campos, Effect of the addition of TiO2, ZrO2, V2O5 and Nb2O5 on the stability parameters of the Li2O–BaO–SiO2 glass. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 411, 125–131 (2015)
S. Liu, J. Wang, J. Ding, H. Hao, L. Zhao, S. Xi, Crystallization, microstructure and dielectric properties of the SrO–BaO–Nb2O5–Al2O3–SiO2 based glass ceramics added with ZrO2. Ceram. Int. 45, 4003–4008 (2019)
M. Feng, M. Chen, Z. Yu, Z. Chen, J. Chen, S. Zhu, F. Wang, Crystallization and wear behavior of SiO2–Al2O3–ZrO2–Ba (Sr, Ca)O glass-ceramics added with Cr2O3 by different methods. Ceram. Int. 45, 22617–22624 (2019)
K. Naresh Kumar, B. Suresh, A. Ingram, M. Kostrzewa, P. Bragiel, V. Ravi Kumar, N. Veeraiah, Investigations on electrical characteristics of (PbO)30 (CuO)x (As2O3)(70–x) glass ceramics. Ceram. Int. 43, 4335–4343 (2017)
P. Tripathi, P. Kumari, V.K. Mishra, R. Singh, S.P. Singh, D. Kumar, Effect of PbO–B2O3–BaO–SiO2 glass additive on dielectric properties of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 ceramics for radio-frequency applications. J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 127, 60–67 (2019)
L. Fu, H. Engqvist, W. Xia, Highly translucent and strong ZrO2–SiO2 nanocrystalline glass ceramic prepared by sol-gel method and spark plasma sintering with fine 3D microstructure for dental restoration. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 37, 4067–4081 (2017)
J. Ashok, M. Kostrzewa, A. Ingram, N. Purnachand, N. Venkatramaiah, M. Srinivasa Reddy, V. Ravi Kumar, N. Veeraiah, Structural and physical characteristics of Au2O3-doped sodium antimonate glasses—Part II electrical characteristics. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 102, 1921–1941 (2019)
R. Bala, A. Agarwal, S. Sanghi, N. Singh, Effect of Bi2O3 on nonlinear optical properties of ZnO–Bi2O3–SiO2 glasses. Opt. Mater. 36, 352–356 (2013)
C. Zhang, W. Xiang, H. Luo, H. Liu, X. Liang, X. Ma, L. Pei, Z. Chen, J. Li, H. Gao, L. Ma, Third-order optical nonlinearity of Na2O–B2O3–SiO2 glass doped with lead nanoparticles prepared by sol–gel method. J. Alloys Compd. 602, 221–227 (2014)
A.M. Abakumov, J. Hadermann, S. Bals, I.V. Nikolaev, E.V. Antipov, G.V. Tendeloo, Crystallographic shear structures as a route to anion-deficient perovskites. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45, 1–5 (2006)
G. Dörsam, A. Liebscher, B. Wunder, G. Franz, Crystal structures of synthetic melanotekite (Pb2Fe2Si2O9), kentrolite (Pb2Mn2Si2O9), and the aluminum analogue (Pb2Al2Si2O9). Am. Mineral. 93, 573–583 (2008)
M. Derzsi, P. Piekarz, K. Tok´ar, P.T. Jochym, J. Ła˙zewski, M. Sternik, K. Parlinski, Comparative ab initio study of lattice dynamics and thermodynamics of Fe2SiO4–and Mg2SiO4-spinels. J. Phys. Cond. Matter. 23, 105401 (2011)
A. Subba Rao, J. Ashok, B. Suresh, G. Naga Raju, N. Venkatramaiah, V. Ravi Kumar, I.V. Kityk, N. Veeraiah, Physical characteristics of PbO−ZrO2−SiO2:TiO2 glass ceramics embedded with Pb2Ti2O6 cubic pyrochlore crystal phase: Part-I electrical properties. J. Alloys Compd. 712, 672–686 (2017)
S. Jani Basha, M. Kostrzewa, A. Ingram, A. Siva Sesha Reddy, N. Purnachand, V. Ravi Kumar, M. Piasecki, N. Veeraiah, Structural and physical properties of MnO mixed lead zirconium silicate glass ceramics: Dielectric relaxation spectra and conduction phenomena. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 521, 119529 (2019)
S. Jani Basha, A. Siva Sesha Reddy, M. Kostrzewa, A. Ingram, N. Venkatramaiah, I.V. Kityk, V. Ravi Kumar, N. Veeraiah, Positron annihilation spectroscopy and third harmonic generation studies on MnO mixed lead zirconium silicate glass ceramics. Opt. Mater. X 1, 100024 (2019)
A. Siva Sesha Reddy, M. Kostrzew, A. Ingram, N. Purnachand, P. Bragiel, V. Ravi Kumar, I.V. Kityk, N. Veeraiah, Positron annihilation exploration of voids in zinc zirconium borate glass ceramics entrenched with ZnZrO3 perovskite crystal phases. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38, 2010–2016 (2018)
J. Ashok, M. Kostrzewa, A. Ingram, M. Srinivasa Reddy, V. Ravi Kumar, Y. Gandhi, N. Veeraiah, Free volume estimation in Au and Ag mixed sodium antimonate glass ceramics by means of positron annihilation. Phys. B 570, 266–273 (2019)
A. Majchrowski, I.V. Kityk, J. Ebothe, Influence of YAB: Cr3+ nano crystallite sizes on two-photon absorption of YAB: Cr3+. Phys. Stat. Solidi B 241, 3047–3055 (2004)
A. Antony, P. Poornesh, K. Ozga, J. Jedryka, P. Rakus, I.V. Kityk, Enhancement of the efficiency of the third harmonic generation process in ZnO: F thin films probed by photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 87, 100–109 (2018)
M.M. Ahmed, C.A. Hograth, M.N. Khan, A study of the electrical and optical properties of the GeO2–TeO2 glass system. J. Mater. Sci. 19, 4040–4044 (1984)
M.R. Gauna, M.S. Conconi, S. Gomez, G. Suárez, E.F. Aglietti, N.M. Rendtorff, Monoclinic–tetragonal zirconia quantification of commercial nanopowder mixtures by XRD and DTA. Ceram. Silikáty 59, 318–325 (2015)
Z. Wang, Q. Xu, M. Xu, S. Wang, J. You, In situ spectroscopic studies of decomposition of ZrSiO4 during alkali fusion process using various hydroxides. RSC Adv. 5, 11658 (2015)
D. Batuk, J. Hadermann, A. Abakumov, T. Vranken, A. Hardy, M.V. Bael, G.V. Tendeloo, Layered perovskite like Pb2Fe2O5 structure as a parent matrix for the nucleation and growth of crystallographic shear planes. Inorg. Chem. 50, 4978–4986 (2011)
I.V. Nikolaev, H. D’Hondt, A.M. Abakumov, J. Hadermann, E.V. Antipov, Crystal structure, phase transition, and magnetic ordering in perovskite like Pb2−xBaxFe2O5 solid solutions. Phys. Rev. B 78, 024426 (2008)
M. Wang, G. Tan, Multiferroic properties of Pb2Fe2O5 ceramics. Mater. Res. Bull. 46, 438–441 (2011)
K.J. Rao, Structural Chemistry of Glasses (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2002)
P. Raghava Rao, L. Pavić, A. Moguš-Milanković, V. Ravi Kumar, I.V. Kityk, N. Veeraiah, Electrical and Spectroscopic properties of Fe2O3 doped Na2SO4–BaO–P2O5 glass system. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 358, 3255–3267 (2012)
L. Pavić, A. Moguš-Milanković, P. Raghava Rao, A. Šantić, V. Ravi Kumar, N. Veeraiah, Effect of modifier ion on electrical, dielectric and spectroscopic properties of Fe2O3 doped Na2SO4–MO–P2O5 glass system. J. Alloys Compd. 604, 352–362 (2014)
T. Yamashita, P. Hayes, Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in oxide materials. Appl. Surf. Sci. 254, 2441–2449 (2008)
C.-Y. Yin, M. Minakshi, D.E. Ralph, Z.-T. Jiang, Z. Xie, H. Guo, Hydrothermal synthesis of cubic α-Fe2O3 microparticles using glycine: Surface characterization, reaction mechanism and electrochemical activity. J. Alloys Compd. 509, 9821 (2011)
T. Uma, M. Nogami, PMA/ZrO2–P2O5–SiO2 glass composite membranes: H2/O2 fuel cells. J. Membrane. Sci. 334, 123–128 (2009)
Ch Srinivasa Rao, T. Srikumar, Y. Gandhi, V. Ravi Kumar, N. Veeraiah, Dielectric and spectroscopic investigations of lithium aluminium zirconium silicate glasses mixed with TiO2. Philos. Mag. 91, 958–980 (2011)
X. Fang, C.S. Ray, G.K. Marasinghe, D.E. Day, Properties of mixed Na2O and K2O iron phosphate glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 263, 293–298 (2000)
M. Minakshi, H. Visbal, D.R.G. Mitchell, M. Fichtner, Bio-waste chicken eggshells to store energy. Dalton Trans. 47, 16828 (2018)
S. Kandhasamy, K. Nallathamby, M. Minakshi, Role of structural defects in olivine cathodes. Prog. Solid State Chem. 40, 1–5 (2012)
M. Iwasaki, D.N. Kim, K. Tanaka, T. Murata, K. Morinaga, Red phosphorescence properties of Mn ions in MgO–GeO2 compounds. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 4, 137–142 (2003)
Acknowledgements
One of the authors, N. Veeraiah, wishes to wishes to thank UGC, New Delhi, for sanctioning BSR Faculty Fellowship to carry out this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chandrakala, C., Reddy, A.S.S., Jedryka, J. et al. Third-order nonlinear optical features of zirconia-added lead silicate glass ceramics embedded with Pb2Fe2O5 perovskite crystal phases and role of Fe ions. Appl. Phys. A 126, 413 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03570-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03570-x