Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Laser-induced optical photobleaching in Bi-doped Ge30Se70 amorphous thin films

  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The paper reports the photo-induced effects on the optical and structural properties of ternary Ge30Se70−xBix (x = 5, 10) thin films illuminated with 532 nm green laser light. The material exhibits photo-bleaching nature when exposed to laser light for a prolonged time. The amorphous nature sustains after laser irradiation as detected by X-ray diffraction. The chemical composition of the deposited thin film was examined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Field emission scanning electron microscopy investigation showed that the surface morphology was influenced by the laser irradiation. The transmission spectra were collected from UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopy which shows the films exhibit indirect allowed transition. The other optical parameters were calculated from the transmission spectra. The linear optical properties were influenced by the laser-induced phenomena. The photobleaching is explained on the basis of homopolar bond breaking and formation of heteropolar bonds with photon energy. The Raman spectra provided the evidence of photo structural changes in the films.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D. Biegelsen, R.A. Street, Photo induced defects in chalcogenide glasses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 803–806 (1980)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. V. Sousa, Chalcogenide materials and their application to Non-Volatile Memories. Microelectron. Eng. 88, 807–813 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  3. P. Nemec, M. Frumar, B. Frumarova, M. Jelinek, J. Lancok, J. Jedelsky, Pulsed laser deposition of pure and praseodymium-doped Ge–Ga–Se amorphous chalcogenide films. Opt. Mater. 15, 191 (2000)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Darwish, M. Rashad, A. Bekheet, M. El-Nahass, Linear and nonlinear optical properties of GeSe2−xSnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) thin films for optoelectronic application. J. Alloys Compd. 709, 640–645 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  5. P. Noe, C. Vallee, F. Hippert, F. Fillot, J. Raty, Phase-change materials for non-volatile memory devices: from technological challenges to materials science issues. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 33(013002), 1–33 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  6. A. Stronski, L. Revutsk, A. Meshalkin, O. Paiuk, E. Achimova, A. Korchovyi, K. Shportko, O. Gudymenko, A. Prisacar, A. Gubanova, G. Triduh, Structural properties of Ag–As–S chalcogenide glasses in phase separation region and their application in holographic grating recording. Opt. Mater. 94, 393–397 (2019)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. R. Bohdan, S. Molnar, I. Csarnovics, M. Veres, A. Csik, S. Kokenyesi, Optical recording of surface relief on amorphous selenium. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 408, 57–61 (2015)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Z. Pan, I. Sero, Q. Shen, H. Zhang, Y. Li, K. Zhao, J. Wang, X. Zhong, J. Bisquert, High efficiency green quantum dot solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136(25), 9203–9210 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  9. N. Afify, Structural relaxation of GeSe2 chalcogenide glass studied with use of the radial distribution function. Phys. Rev. B 48, 304–309 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. Velmuzhov, M. Sukhanov, N. Zernova, V. Shiryaev, T. Kotereva, L. Ketkova, I. Evdokimov, A. Kurganova, Preparation of Ge20Se80 glasses with low hydrogen and oxygen impurities content for middle IR fiber optics. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 521, 119505 (2019)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Dai, F. Chen, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, X. Shen, T. Xu, R. Wang, W. Ji, Mid-infrared optical nonlinearities of chalcogenide glasses in Ge-Sb-Se ternary system. Opt. Express 23, 1300–1307 (2015)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Hafiz, A. Othman, M. El-Nahass, A. Al-Motasem, Composition and thermal-induced effects on the optical constants of Ge20Se80−xBix thin films. Phys. B 390, 348–355 (2007)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Aparimita, M. Behera, C. Sripan, R. Ganesan, S. Jena, R. Naik, Effect of Bi addition on the optical properties of Ge30Se70−xBix thin films. J. Alloys Compd. 739, 997–1004 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  14. S. Khan, A. Ghamdi, Influence of laser-irradiation on the optical constants Se75S25−xCdx thin films. Mater. Lett. 63, 1740–1742 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  15. G.A.M. Amin, γ-Irradiation effects on the optical properties of amorphous Ge10As30Se60 thin films. Nucl. Inst. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B 267, 3333–3336 (2009)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. R. Panda, M. Panda, H. Rath, B.N. Dash, K. Asokan, U.P. Singh, R. Naik, N.C. Mishra, Structural and morphological modifications of AgInSe2 and Ag2Se composite thin films on 140 MeV Ni ion irradiation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 479, 997–1005 (2019)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. R. Naik, R. Ganesan, K.S. Sangunni, Photo and thermal induced effects on (As2S3)0.85Sb0.15 amorphous thin films. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 357, 2344–2348 (2011)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Kumar, N. Mehta, Tuning of dielectric properties in Se78Te20Sn2 glass using UV–Vis-IR lasers. Opt. Mater. 95(109198), 1–12 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. Owen, A. Firth, P. Ewen, Photo-induced structural and physicochemical changes in amorphous chalcogenide semiconductors. Philos. Mag. B 52, 347–362 (1985)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Popescu, Photo-induced transformations in glass. Semicond. Semimet. 78, 181–213 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. Seddon, Chalcogenide glasses: a review of their preparation, properties and applications. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 184, 44–50 (1995)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. L. Lin, G. Wang, X. Shen, S. Dai, T. Xu, Q. Nie, Photo-induced structural changes in Ge–Sb–Se films. Philos. Mag. 81, 59–63 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  23. P. Pradhan, R. Naik, N. Das, A.K. Panda, bandgap tuning in As40Se53Sb07 thin films by 532 nm laser irradiation: an optical investigation by spectroscopic techniques. Opt. Mater. 75, 699–709 (2018)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. M. El-Nahass, M. Ali, I. Zedan, Photo-induced changes in the linear and non-linear optical properties of Ge10In10Se80 thin films. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 404, 78–83 (2014)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Zhang, Y. Chen, R. Wang, X. Shen, S. Dai, Observation of photo bleaching in Ge-deficient Ge16.8Se83.2 chalcogenide thin film with prolonged irradiation. Sci. Rep. 7, 14585 (2017)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Ganjoo, K. Shimakawa, K. Kitano, E.A. Davis, J Non-Cryst. Solids 299–302, 917–923 (2002)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Zakery, S. Elliott, Optical properties and applications of chalcogenide glasses: a review. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 330, 1–12 (2003)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Tripathi, S. Gupta, F. Mustafa, N. Goyal, G. Saini, Laser induced changes on a-Ga50Se50 thin films. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42(185404), 1–7 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. Ganjoo, K. Shimakawa, H. Kamiya, E.A. Davis, J. Singh, Percolative growth of photodarkening in amorphous As2S3 films. Phys. Rev. B 62(22), R14601 (2000)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. M. Behera, S. Behera, R. Naik, Optical band gap tuning by laser induced Bi diffusion into As2Se3 film probed by spectroscopic technique. RSC Adv. 7, 18428–18437 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  31. A. Ganjoo, H. Jain, Millisecond kinetics of photo induced changes in the optical parameters of a-As2S3 films. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter. Phys. 74(2006), 024201 (2006)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. A. Aparimita, C. Sripan, R. Ganesan, S. Jena, R. Naik, Influence of thermal annealing on optical and structural properties change in Bi-doped Ge30Se70 thin films. Phase Transit. 91, 872–886 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  33. A. Aparimita, C. Sripan, R. Ganesan, R. Naik, Annealing induced transformations in structural and optical properties of Ge30Se70−xBix thin films. Phase Transit. 92(8), 683–698 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. Claro, I. Levy, A. Gangopadhyay, D. Smith, M. Tamargo, Self-assembled Bismuth Selenide (Bi2Se3) quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Sci. Rep. 9, 3370 (2019)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Y. Liu, L. Cao, J. Zhong, J. Yu, J. He, Z. Liu, Synthesis of bismuth selenide nanoplates by solvothermal methods and its stacking optical properties. J. Appl. Phys. 125(035302), 1–7 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  36. A. Shongalova, M.R. Correia, B. Vermang, J.M.V. Cunha, P.M.P. Salomé, P.A. Fernandes, On the identification of Sb2Se3 using Raman scattering. MRS Commun. 8, 865–870 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  37. R. Ananth Kumar, P. Chithra Lekha, B. Sundarakannan, D. Padiyan, Influence of thickness on the optical properties of amorphous GeSe2 thin films: analysis using Raman spectra, Urbach energy and Tauc parameter. Philos. Mag. 92, 1422–1434 (2012)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. E.R. Shaaban, Y.A.M. Ismail, H.S. Hassan, Compositional dependence of optical properties of amorphous Se80−xTe20Bix thin films using transmittance and reflectance measurement. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 376, 61–67 (2013)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. J.I. Pankove, Optical Processes in Semiconductors (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1971)

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. Tauc, Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors (Plenum Press, NewYork, 1979)

    Google Scholar 

  41. A. Zanatta, I. Chambouleyron, Absorption edge, band tails, and disorder of amorphous semiconductors. Phys. Rev. B 53, 3833–3836 (1996)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. N.F. Mott, E.A. Davis, Electronics Processes in Non-crystalline Materials (Clarendon, Oxford, 1979), p. 428

    Google Scholar 

  43. A. El-Denglawey, M. Dongol, M. El-Nahass, Photo induced absorption edge shift of As20Se60Tl20 films. J. Lumin. 130, 801–804 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Q. Yan, H. Jain, J. Ren, D. Zhao, G. Chen, Effect of Photo-Oxidation on Photobleaching of GeSe2 and Ge2Se3 Films. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 21390–21395 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  45. R. Naik, S. Jena, R. Ganesan, N.K. Sahoo, Effect of laser irradiation on optical properties of Ge12Sb25Se63 amorphous chalcogenide thin films. Ind. J. Phys. 89(10), 1031–1040 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  46. L. Tichy, H. Ticha, K. Handlir, K. Jurek, Photo induced and thermally induced bleaching of amorphous Ge-S films. Philos. Mag. Lett. 58, 233–237 (1988)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. I. Csarnovics, M. Latif, T. Nichol, W. Kuang, M. Mitkova, M. Veres, S. Kokenyesi, Dual effects of photo-darkening and photo-bleaching in Ge–Se films. J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 5(1–2), 78–86 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  48. W.-H. Wei, S. Xiang, S.-W. Xu, L. Fang, R.P. Wang, Structural investigation on GexSb10Se90−x glasses using X-ray photoelectron spectra. J. Appl. Phys. 115, 183506 (2014)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. F. Urbach, The long-wavelength edge of photographic sensitivity and of the electronic absorption of solids. Phys. Rev. 92, 1324 (1953)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. R.C. Rai, Analysis of the Urbach tails in absorption spectra of undoped ZnO thin films. J. Appl. Phys. 113, 153508 (2013)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Board of Research in Nuclear Science (BRNS) for financial support (Grant Number: 37(3)/14/02/2016-BRNS/37016) and Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science (IISc.) for Optical measurement. The author is also thankful to NISER, Bhubaneswar for the FESEM measurement.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, India

    Adyasha Aparimita

  2. Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India

    R. Naik

  3. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India

    C. Sripan & R. Ganesan

Authors
  1. Adyasha Aparimita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Naik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Sripan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R. Ganesan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Naik.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Aparimita, A., Naik, R., Sripan, C. et al. Laser-induced optical photobleaching in Bi-doped Ge30Se70 amorphous thin films. Appl. Phys. A 126, 5 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-3194-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-3194-4

Search

Navigation