Abstract
Polycrystalline ceramic samples of yttrium ferrite (YFeO3) have been prepared by solid state reaction (SSR) and sol–gel methods. X-ray analysis confirmed single-phase orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma. The lattice parameters obtained from Rietveld refinement for both the samples are almost the same. The particle size (D) obtained for the sample synthesized through SSR is 0.101 μm whereas the same obtained through sol–gel method is 0.053 μm. The resolution of surface morphology obtained from Atomic force microscopy (AFM) for SSR sample is better than that of the Sol–Gel sample. DC conductivity measurement for both the samples shows semiconducting behaviour with activation energies 2.12 eV for SSR and 2.18 eV for sample prepared by sol–gel route. Thermal analysis (DTA/DSC) curves show diffused phase transition around (625–630 K) in both cases with very low weight loss (~ 2%) from room temperature up to 1173 K. Room temperature FT-IR spectra show absorption peak in between 600 and 400 cm−1. Comparative studies indicate that the sample obtained through sol–gel route shows better characteristics than SSR route sample.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00339-019-2743-1/MediaObjects/339_2019_2743_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00339-019-2743-1/MediaObjects/339_2019_2743_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00339-019-2743-1/MediaObjects/339_2019_2743_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00339-019-2743-1/MediaObjects/339_2019_2743_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00339-019-2743-1/MediaObjects/339_2019_2743_Fig5_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F. Kanamaru, H. Miyamoto, Y. Mimura, M. Koizumi, M. Shimada, S. Kume, S. Shin, Synthesis of a new perovskite CaFeO3. Mater. Res. Bull. 5(4), 257–261 (1970)
E. Lima Jr., T.B. Martins, H.R. Rechenberg, G.F. Goya, C. Cavelius, R. Rapalaviciute, S. Hao, S. Mathur, Numerical simulation of magnetic interactions in polycrystalline YFeO3. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 320(5), 622–629 (2008)
A. Wu, H. Shen, J. Xu, Z. Wang, L. Jiang, L. Luo, S. Yuan, S. Cao, H. Zhang, Crystal growth and magnetic property of YFeO3 crystal. Bull. Mater. Sci. 35(2), 259–263 (2012)
S. Madolappa, B. Ponraj, R. Bhimireddi, K.B. Varma, Enhanced magnetic and dielectric properties of Ti-doped YFeO3 ceramics. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 100(6), 2641–2650 (2017)
S.S. Teixeira, A.J.M. Sales, M.P.F. Graça, L.C. Costa, Yttrium ferrites with enhanced dielectric properties. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 232, 41–47 (2018)
A.K. Mall, A. Garg, R. Gupta, Dielectric relaxation and ac conductivity in magneto-electric YCrO3 ceramics: a temperature dependent impedance spectroscopy analysis. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38(16), 5359–5366 (2018)
S. Geller, E.A. Wood, Crystallographic studies of perovskite-like compounds. I. Rare earth orthoferrites and YFeO3, YCrO3, YAlO3. Acta Crystallogr 9(7), 563–568 (1956)
Z.J. Huang, Y. Cao, Y.Y. Sun, Y.Y. Xue, C.W. Chu, Coupling between the ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic orders in YMnO3. Phys. Rev. B 56(5), 2623–2626 (1997)
M. Roy, S. Jangid, S.K. Barbar, P. Dave, Electrical and magnetic properties of BiFeO3 multiferroic ceramics. J. Magn. 14(2), 62–65 (2009)
S. Chanda, S. Saha, A. Dutta, T.P. Sinha, Raman spectroscopy and dielectric properties of nano ceramic NdFeO3. Mater. Res. Bull. 48(4), 1688–1693 (2013)
E.N. Maslen, V.A. Streltsov, N. Ishizawa, A synchrotron X-ray study of the electron density in SmFeO3. Acta Crystallogr 52(B), 406–413 (1996)
F. Kubel, H. Schmid, Structure of a ferroelectric and ferro-elastic monodomain crystal of the perovskite BiFeO3. Acta Crystallogr 46(B), 698–702 (1990)
D. Du Boulay, E.N. Maslen, V.A. Streltsov, N. Ishizawa, A synchrotron X-ray study of the electron density in YFeO3. Acta Crystallogr 51(B), 921–929 (1995)
N.A. Tien, O.V. Almjasheva, I.Y. Mittova, O.V. Stognei, S.A. Soldatenko, Synthesis and magnetic properties of YFeO3 nanocrystals. Inorg. Mater. 45(11), 1304–1308 (2009)
H. Shen, J. Xu, A. Wu, J. Zhao, M. Shi, Magnetic and thermal properties of perovskite YFeO3 single crystals. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 157(1–3), 77–80 (2009)
M. Roy, P. Dave, S. Barbar, S. Jangid, D. Phase, A. Awasthi, X-ray, SEM, and DSC studies of ferroelectric Pb1 − XBaXTiO3 ceramics. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 101(3), 833–837 (2009)
M. Roy, I. Bala, S.K. Barbar, S. Jangid, P. Dave, Synthesis, structural and electrical properties of La and Nb modified Bi4Ti3O12 ferroelectric ceramics. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 72(11), 1347–1353 (2011)
L.J. Downie, R.J. Goff, W. Kockelmann, S.D. Forder, J.E. Parker, F.D. Morrison, P. Lightfoot, Structural, magnetic and electrical properties of the hexagonal ferrites MFeO3 (M = Y, Yb, In). J. Solid State Chem. 190, 52–60 (2012)
R. White, Review of recent work on the magnetic and spectroscopic properties of the rare-earth ortho-ferrites. J. Appl. Phys. 40(3), 1061–1069 (1969)
V.M. Judin, A.B. Sherman, I.E. Myl’Nikova, Magnetic properties of YFeO3. Phys. Lett. 22(5), 554555 (1966)
R.L. Zhang, C.L. Chen, K.X. Jin, L.W. Niu, H. Xing, B.C. Luo, Dielectric behavior of hexagonal and orthorhombic YFeO3 prepared by modified sol–gel method. J. Electroceram. 32(2–3), 187–191 (2014)
B. Deka, S. Ravi, A. Perumal, D. Pamu, Effect of Mn doping on magnetic and dielectric properties of YFeO3. Ceram. Int. 43(1), 1323–1334 (2017)
N.A. Tien, I.Y. Mittova, D.O. Solodukhin, O.V. Al’myasheva, V.O. Mittova, S.Y. Demidova, Sol–gel formation and properties of nanocrystals of solid solutions Y1 − xCaxFeO3. Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 59(2), 40–45 (2014)
K.T. Jacob, G. Rajitha, N. Dasgupta, Electrical conductivity of Ca-doped YFeO3. Indian J. Eng. Mater. Sci. 19, 47–53 (2012)
H.I. Yoo, C.S. Kim, Electrical properties and defect structure of Y1 − xCaxFeO3 orthoferrites. Solid State Ionics 53, 583–591 (1992)
L. Suthar, F. Bhadala, M. Roy, V.K. Jha, Transport (electrical and thermal) properties and surface morphology of Y1 − xCaxFeO3 (where x = 0.03 and 0.05) ceramics. AIP Conf Proc 1953(1), 050060 (1–4) (2018)
L. Suthar, V.K. Jha, F. Bhadala, M. Roy, S. Sahu, S.K. Barbar, Studies on structural, electrical, thermal and magnetic properties of YFeO3 ceramic. Appl. Phys. A 123(10), 668 (1–9) (2017)
A. Rajaeiyan, M.M. Bagheri-Mohagheghi, Comparison of sol–gel and co-precipitation methods on the structural properties and phase transformation of γ and α-Al2O3 nanoparticles. Adv. Manuf. 1(2), 176–182 (2013)
S.R. Balaji, T. Balu, T. Rajasekaran, Single-crystal growth, structure refinement and the properties of bis (glycine) strontium chloride. Mater. Res. Express 5(2), 026205 (1–10) (2018)
Z. Bai, J. Yang, D. Wang, Thin film CdTe solar cells with an absorber layer thickness in micro-and sub-micrometer scale. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(14), 143502 (1–3) (2011)
L. Suthar, F. Bhadala, M. Roy, Effect of Ca-substitution on structural and electrical properties of YFeO3 ceramic. AIP Conf. Proc. 2100(1), 020140 (1–4) (2019)
H. Shen, J. Xu, M. Jin, G. Jiang, Influence of manganese on the structure and magnetic properties of YFeO3 nanocrystal. Ceram. Int. 38(2), 1473–1477 (2012)
F. Chen, Z. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Ouyang, Z. Feng, Z. Su, Y. Chen, V.G. Harris, Room temperature magnetoelectric effect of YFeO3 − Y3Fe5O12 ferrite composites. J. Alloy. Compd. 656, 465–469 (2016)
H. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Lin, M. Liu, Preparation and electromagnetic properties of in situ Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/YFeO3 composites. Ceram. Int. 39(6), 7235–7239 (2013)
X. Yuan, Y. Sun, M. Xu, Effect of Gd substitution on the structure and magnetic properties of YFeO3 ceramics. J. Solid State Chem. 196, 362–366 (2012)
R.D. Sanchez, J. Rivas, P. Vaqueiro, M.A. Lopez-Quintela, D. Caeiro, Particle size effects on magnetic properties of yttrium iron garnets prepared by a sol–gel method. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 247(1), 92–98 (2002)
J. Saha, Jana YM (2018) Synthesis, structural analysis and vibrational spectroscopic study of YFeO3 perovskite. AIP Conf. Proc. 1, 110023 (1–4) (1953)
H. Song, G. Jiang, Effects of Nd, Er doping on the structure and magnetic properties of YFeO3. J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 31, 2511–2517 (2018)
P. Vaqueiro, M.A. López-Quintela, Synthesis of yttrium aluminium garnet by the citrate gel process. J. Mater. Chem. 8(1), 161–163 (1998)
Acknowledgements
Authors are thankful to Dr. N. Lakshmi, Dr. Sudhish Kumar and Dr. Prabhat Kumar Baroliya for providing XRD, AFM and FT-IR measurement facilities. Lokesh Suthar is thankful to UGC for providing BSR-SRF fellowship. Falguni Bhadala is thankful to CSIR-UGC jointly for providing NET-JRF fellowship.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Suthar, L., Bhadala, F. & Roy, M. Structural, electrical, thermal and optical properties of YFeO3, prepared by SSR and Sol–Gel route: a comparative study. Appl. Phys. A 125, 452 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2743-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2743-1