Abstract
We investigate the persistent luminescence in europium-doped SrMg2(PO4)2 upon codoping with auxiliary terbium. Luminescence properties of the phosphors, including photoluminescence, luminescence decay and thermoluminescence, are systematically studied. SrMg2(PO4)2:Eu2+ shows only a weak persistent luminescence, and codoping with Tb3+ is necessary to obtain considerable persistent luminescence. An energy level scheme is constructed to convey reasonable trapping and detrapping processes in the material.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K. Van den Eeckhout, P.F. Smet, D. Poelman, Persistent luminescence in Eu2+-doped compounds: a review. Materials 3, 2536–2566 (2010)
H.F. Brito, J. Hölsä, T. Laamanen, M. Lastusaari, M. Malkamäki, L.C.V. Rodrigues, Persistent luminescence mechanisms: human imagination at work. Opt. Mater. Express 2, 371–381 (2012)
T. Aitasalo, J. Hölsä, H. Jungner, M. Lastusaari, J. Niittykoski, Thermoluminescence study of persistent luminescence materials: Eu2+- and R3+-doped calcium aluminates, CaAl2O4:Eu2+,R3+. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 4589–4598 (2006)
Q.L. de Chermont, C. Chaneac, J. Seguin, F. Pelle, S. Maitrejean, J.P. Jolivet, D. Gourier, M. Bessodes, D. Scherman, Nanoprobes with near-infrared persistent luminescence for in vivo imaging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 9266–9271 (2007)
T. Maldiney, A. Lecointre, B. Viana, A. Bessière, M. Bessodes, D. Gourier, C. Richard, D. Scherman, Controlling electron trap depth to enhance optical properties of persistent luminescence nanoparticles for in vivo imaging. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 11810–11815 (2011)
Z. Pan, Y.Y. Lu, F. Liu, Sunlight-activated long-persistent luminescence in the near-infrared from Cr3+-doped zinc gallogermanates. Nat. Mater. 11, 58–63 (2011)
P.F. Smet, K. Van den Eeckhout, A.J.J. Bos, E. van der Kolk, P. Dorenbos, Temperature and wavelength dependent trap filling in M2Si5N8:Eu (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) persistent phosphors. J. Lumin. 132, 682–689 (2012)
J. Trojan-Piegza, J. Niittykoski, J. Hölsä, E. Zych, Thermoluminescence and kinetics of persistent luminescence of vacuum-sintered Tb3+-doped and Tb3+,Ca2+-codoped Lu2O3 materials. Chem. Mater. 20, 2252–2261 (2008)
J. Wang, S. Wang, Q. Su, Synthesis, photoluminescence and thermostimulated-luminescence properties of novel red long-lasting phosphorescent materials β-Zn3(PO4)2:Mn2+,M3+ (M = Al and Ga). J. Mater. Chem. 14, 2569–2574 (2004)
B.-Y. Wu, H.-F. Wang, J.-T. Chen, X.-P. Yan, Fluorescence resonance energy transfer inhibition assay for α-fetoprotein excreted during cancer cell growth using functionalized persistent luminescence nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 686–688 (2010)
T. Matsuzawa, Y. Aoki, N. Takeuchi, Y. Murayama, A new long phosphorescent phosphor with high brightness, SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+. J. Electrochem. Soc. 143, 2670–2673 (1996)
L.C.V. Rodrigues, H.F. Brito, J. Hölsä, R. Stefani, M.C.F.C. Felinto, M. Lastusaari, T. Laamanen, L.A.O. Nunes, Discovery of the persistent luminescence mechanism of CdSiO3:Tb3+. J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 11232–11240 (2012)
P. Dorenbos, Locating lanthanide impurity levels in the forbidden band of host crystals. J. Lumin. 108, 301–305 (2004)
P. Dorenbos, Electronic structure engineering of lanthanide activated materials. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 22344–22349 (2012)
P. Dorenbos, Systematic behaviour in trivalent lanthanide charge transfer energies. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, 8417 (2003)
J.F. Sarver, M.V. Hoffman, F.A. Hummel, Phase equilibria and tin-activated luminescence in strontium orthophosphate systems. J. Electrochem. Soc. 108, 1103–1110 (1961)
L. Liu, C. Li, S. Wang, Q. Su, Redshift phenomenon of the excitation light of long life emission phosphor. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 241107 (2006)
L. Liu, R. Pang, C. Li, Q. Su, Effects of distorted lattice and nonequal-valence substitution on the long lasting phosphorescence of Eu2+ and Gd3+ doped RMg2(PO4)2 (R = Sr,Ba) phosphors. J. Appl. Phys. 108, 043101 (2010)
G. Ju, Y. Hu, L. Chen, X. Wang, Persistent luminescence and its mechanism of Ba5(PO4)3Cl:Ce3+,Eu2+. J. Appl. Phys. 111, 113508 (2012)
B. ElBali, A. Boukhari, E. Holt, J. Aride, Strontium dicobalt orthophosphate. J. Crystallogr. Spectrosc. Res. 23, 1001–1004 (1993)
P. Dorenbos, Mechanism of persistent luminescence in Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+. Phys. Status Solidi B 242, R7–R9 (2005)
P. Dorenbos, Valence stability of lanthanide ions in inorganic compounds. Chem. Mater. 17, 6452–6456 (2005)
W.T. Carnall, P.R. Fields, K. Rajnak, Electronic energy levels of the trivalent lanthanide aquo ions. III. Tb3+. J. Chem. Phys. 49, 4447–4449 (1968)
Z. Zhang, J. Wang, M. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Q. Su, The energy transfer from Eu2+ to Tb3+ in calcium chlorapatite phosphor and its potential application in LEDs. Appl. Phys. B 91, 529–537 (2008)
W. Lü, Z. Hao, X. Zhang, Y. Luo, X. Wang, J. Zhang, Tunable full-color emitting BaMg2Al6Si9O30:Eu2+,Tb3+,Mn2+ phosphors based on energy transfer. Inorg. Chem. 50, 7846–7851 (2011)
J. Zhou, Z. Xia, H. You, K. Shen, M. Yang, L. Liao, Synthesis and tunable luminescence properties of Eu2+ and Tb3+-activated Na2Ca4(PO4)3F phosphors based on energy transfer. J. Lumin. 135, 20–25 (2013)
J. Wang, Z. Zhang, M. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Q. Su, J. Tang, The energy transfer from Eu2+ to Tb3+ in Ca10K(PO4)7 and its application in green light emitting diode. J. Alloys Compd. 488, 582–585 (2009)
W.T. Carnall, P.R. Fields, K. Rajnak, Electronic energy levels of the trivalent lanthanide aquo ions. IV. Eu3+. J. Chem. Phys. 49, 4450–4455 (1968)
G. Blasse, A. Bril, Fluorescence of Eu3+-activated sodium lanthanide titanates (NaLn1−x Eu x TiO4). J. Chem. Phys. 48, 3652–3656 (1968)
G. Blasse, A. Bril, W.C. Nieuwpoort, On the Eu3+ fluorescence in mixed metal oxides: part I—the crystal structure sensitivity of the intensity ratio of electric and magnetic dipole emission. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 27, 1587–1592 (1966)
D. Poelman, N. Avci, P.F. Smet, Measured luminance and visual appearance of multi-color persistent phosphors. Opt. Express 17, 358–364 (2009)
D. Poelman, P.F. Smet, Photometry in the dark: time dependent visibility of low intensity light sources. Opt. Express 18, 26293–26299 (2010)
D. Poelman, P.F. Smet, Photometry in the dark: time dependent visibility of low intensity light sources: erratum. Opt. Express 19, 18808–18809 (2011)
H. Kubo, H. Aizawa, T. Katsumata, S. Komuro, T. Morikawa, Characteristics of long afterglow phosphorescent calcium aluminate crystals for fluorescence thermometer application. J. Cryst. Growth 275, e1767–e1771 (2005)
R. Sakai, T. Katsumata, S. Komuro, T. Morikawa, Effect of composition on the phosphorescence from BaAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ crystals. J. Lumin. 85, 149–154 (1999)
L.C.V. Rodrigues, H.F. Brito, J. Hölsä, M. Lastusaari, Persistent luminescence behavior of materials doped with Eu2+ and Tb3+. Opt. Mater. Express 2, 382–390 (2012)
S.W.S. McKeever, Thermoluminescence of Solids (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1985), p. 64
C.S. Shalgaonkar, A.V. Narlikar, Review: a review of the recent methods for determining trap depth from glow curves. J. Mater. Sci. 7, 1465–1471 (1972)
P.F. Smet, N. Avci, D. Poelman, Red persistent luminescence in Ca2SiS4:Eu,Nd. J. Electrochem. Soc. 156, H243–H248 (2009)
P. Dorenbos, The charge transfer energy and the relation with the band gap of compounds. J. Lumin. 111, 89–104 (2005)
X. Yu, X. Xu, P. Yang, Z. Yang, Z. Song, D. Zhou, Z. Yin, Q. Jiao, J. Qiu, Photoluminescence properties and the self-reduction process of CaAl2Si2O8:Eu phosphor. Mater. Res. Bull. 47, 117–120 (2012)
Z. Pei, Q. Su, J. Zhang, The valence change from RE3+ to RE2+ (RE = Eu, Sm, Yb) in SrB4O7:RE prepared in air and the spectral properties of RE2+. J. Alloys Compd. 198, 51–53 (1993)
M. Peng, Z. Pei, G. Hong, Q. Su, The reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in BaMgSiO4:Eu prepared in air and the luminescence of BaMgSiO4:Eu2+ phosphor. J. Mater. Chem. 13, 1202–1205 (2003)
P. Dorenbos, Energy of the first 4f7→4f65d transition of Eu2+ in inorganic compounds. J. Lumin. 104, 239–260 (2003)
P. Dorenbos, f→d transition energies of divalent lanthanides in inorganic compounds. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 15, 575 (2003)
S. Carlson, J. Hölsä, T. Laamanen, M. Lastusaari, M. Malkamäki, J. Niittykoski, R. Valtonen, X-ray absorption study of rare earth ions in Sr2MgSi2O7:Eu2+,R3+ persistent luminescence materials. Opt. Mater. 31, 1877–1879 (2009)
A.J.J. Bos, R.M. van Duijvenvoorde, E. van der Kolk, W. Drozdowski, P. Dorenbos, Thermoluminescence excitation spectroscopy: a versatile technique to study persistent luminescence phosphors. J. Lumin. 131, 1465–1471 (2011)
Y. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Gong, X. Xu, F. Zhang, Photoionization behavior of Eu2+-doped BaMgSiO4 long-persisting phosphor upon UV irradiation. Acta Mater. 59, 3174–3183 (2011)
K. Korthout, K. Van den Eeckhout, J. Botterman, S. Nikitenko, D. Poelman, P.F. Smet, Luminescence and x-ray absorption measurements of persistent SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy powders: evidence for valence state changes. Phys. Rev. B 84, 085140 (2011)
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21271049).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ju, G., Hu, Y., Chen, L. et al. Persistent luminescence properties of SrMg2(PO4)2:Eu2+,Tb3+ . Appl. Phys. A 114, 867–874 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7716-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7716-1