Skip to main content
Log in

Large single-crystal monolayer graphene by decomposition of methanol

  • Rapid communication
  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We present a novel method for the synthesis of monolayer graphene with large single-crystal domains extending over 10–30 μm2, produced by the decomposition of methanol on Cu in a single process step, in a flow of pure Ar gas, without H2. Eliminating H2 as a process gas offers increased safety and greatly facilitates fabrication scaling. The graphene grain size and orientation were characterized by selected area electron diffraction in transmission electron microscopy. Based on analyses of effluents from the furnace during the synthesis, a possible mechanism for graphene formation from methanol, involving carbon monoxide as an intermediate, is proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S.V. Dubonos, I.V. Grigorieva, A.V. Firsov, Science 306, 666 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. K.S. Novoselov, D. Jiang, F. Schedin, T.J. Booth, V.V. Khotkevich, S.V. Morozov, A.K. Geim, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 10451 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. C. Berger, Z. Song, T. Li, X. Li, A.Y. Ogbazghi, R. Feng, Z. Dai, A.N. Marchenckov, E.H. Conrad, P.N. First, W.J. De Heer, Phys. Chem. B 108, 19912 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M.I. Katsnelson, I.M. Grigorieva, S.V. Dubonos, A.A. Firsov, Nature 438, 197 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Y. Zhang, Y.W. Tan, H.L. Stormer, P. Kim, Nature 438, 201 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. K.I. Bolotin, K.J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, H.L. Stormer, Solid State Commun. 146, 351 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. R. Ruoff, Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 10 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. P.W. Sutter, J.I. Flege, E.A. Sutter, Nat. Mater. 7, 406 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. K.S. Kim, Y. Zhao, H. Jang, S.Y. Lee, J.M. Kim, K.S. Kim, J.H. Ahn, P. Kim, J.-Y. Choi, B.H. Hong, Nature 457, 706 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. S. Stankovich, D.A. Dikin, G.H.B. Dormett, K.M. Kohlhaas, E.J. Zimney, E.A. Stach, R.D. Piner, S.-B.T. Nguyen, R.S. Ruoff, Nature 442, 282 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Stankovich, D.A. Dikin, R.D. Piner, K.M. Kohlhaas, A.D. Kleinhammes, W.-Y. Yuanyuan, S.T. Nguyen, R.S. Ruoff, Carbon 45, 1558 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. E. Sutter, P. Albrecht, P. Sutter, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 133109 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. P.W. Sutter, P.M. Albrecht, E.A. Sutter, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 213101 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. J. Coraux, A.T. N’Diaye, M. Engler, C. Busse, D. Wall, N. Buckanie, F.-J. Meyer Zu Heringdorf, R. von Gastel, B. Poelsema, T. Michely, New J. Phys. 11, 023006 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. A. Reina, H. Son, L. Jiao, B. Fan, M.S. Dresselhaus, Z.F. Liu, J. Kong, J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 17741 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Reina, X. Jia, J. Ho, D. Nezich, H. Son, V. Bulovic, M.S. Dresselhaus, J. Kong, Nano Lett. 9, 30 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. L.G. De Arco, Y. Zhang, A. Kumar, C. Zhou, IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 8, 135 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. X. Li, W. Cai, J. An, S. Kim, J. Nah, D. Yang, R. Pier, A. Velamakanni, I. Jung, E. Tutuc, S.K. Banerjee, L. Colombo, R.S. Ruoff, Science 324, 1312 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. X. Li, C.W. Magnuson, A. Venugopal, J. An, J.W. Suk, B. Han, M. Borysiak, W. Cai, A. Velamakanni, Y. Zhu, L. Fu, E.M. Vogel, E. Voelkl, L. Colombo, R.S. Ruoff, Nano Lett. 10, 4328 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. B. Sukang, H. Kim, Y. Lee, X. Xu, J.-S. Park, Y. Zheng, J. Balakrishnan, T. Lei, H.-R. Kim, Y.I. Song, Y.-J. Kim, K.S. Kim, B. Ozyilmaz, J.-H. Ahn, B.-H. Hong, S. Iijima, Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 47 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. Dato, V. Radmilovic, Z. Lee, J. Phillips, M. Frenklach, Nano Lett. 8, 2012 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Zheng, K. Takei, B. Hsia, H. Fang, H. Zhang, N. Ferralis, H. Ko, Y.-L. Chueh, Y. Zhang, R. Maboudian, A. Javey, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 063110 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Z. Sun, Z. Yan, J. Yao, E. Beitler, J.M. Tour, Nature 468, 549 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Srivastava, G. Charudatta, C. Lijie, S. Li, R. Chaitra, J. Deep, K.F. Kelly, P.M. Ajayan, Chem. Mater. 22, 3457 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. L. Gao, W. Ren, J. Zhao, L.-P. Ma, Z. Chen, H.-M. Cheng, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 183109 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. W. Regan, N. Alem, B. Aleman, B. Geng, C. Girit, L. Maserati, F. Wang, M. Crommie, A. Zettl, Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 113102 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. A.C. Ferrari, J.C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K.S. Novoselov, S. Roth, A.K. Geim, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 187401 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. P.Y. Huang, C.S. Ruiz-Vargas, A.M. van der Zande, W.S. Whitney, S. Garg, J.S. Alden, C.J. Hustedt, Y. Zhu, J. Park, P.L. McEuen, D.A. Muller, Nature 469, 389 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. K. Kim, Z. Lee, W. Regan, C. Kisielowski, M.F. Crommie, A. Zettl, ACS Nano 5, 2142 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. S.Y. Park, H.C. Floresca, Y.-J. Suh, M.J. Kim, Carbon 48, 797 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. R.J. Kilaas, J. Microsc. 190, 45 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. R.M. Navarro, M.A. Peña, J.L.G. Fierro, Chem. Rev. 107, 3952 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. X.K. Gu, W.-X. Li, J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 21539 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. D. Mei, L. Xu, G. Henkelman, J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 4522 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. M. Morkel, V.V. Kaichev, G. Rupprechter, H.-J. Freund, I.P. Prosvirin, V.I. Bukhtiyarov, J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 12955 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. L.H. Dubois, B.R. Zegarski, Chem. Phys. Lett. 120, 537 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. A. Fohlisch, M. Nyberg, P. Bennich, L. Triguero, J. Hasselstrom, O. Karis, L.G.M. Patterson, A. Nilsson, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 1946 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gouri Radhakrishnan.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

(PDF 1262 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Radhakrishnan, G., Adams, P.M., Stapleton, A.D. et al. Large single-crystal monolayer graphene by decomposition of methanol. Appl. Phys. A 105, 31–37 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-011-6514-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-011-6514-x

Keywords

Navigation