Skip to main content
Log in

Experimental verification of negative refraction in a double cross metamaterial

  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We report on microwave experiments with a metamaterial composed of pairs of metallic crosses. The transmission properties of the structure show a left-handed transmission band at frequencies around 10.2 GHz. The validity of the negative effective index of refraction is verified by a Snell’s law refraction experiment performed on a wedge-shaped sample of the metamaterial. A second measurement of a similar wedge made from blank FR4 boards is done for reference. The results of the measurements show positive refraction over the whole measured frequency band for the FR4 wedge as well as the refraction of the incident radiation to negative angles within the designated left-handed frequency band for the metamaterial sample.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. V.D. Veselago, Sov. Phys. Usp. 10, 509 (1968)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. J.B. Pendry, A.J. Holden, W.J. Stewart, I. Youngs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4773 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. J.B. Pendry, A.J. Holden, D.J. Robbins, W.J. Stewart, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47, 2075 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. D.R. Smith, W.J. Padilla, D.C. Vier, S.C. Nemat-Nasser, S. Schultz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. C.G. Parazzoli, R.B. Greegor, K. Li, B.E.C. Koltenbah, M. Tanielian, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 107401 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. A.A. Houck, J.B. Brock, I.L. Chuang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 137401 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. K. Aydin, K. Guven, C.M. Soukoulis, E. Ozbay, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 124102 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. H. Chen, L. Ran, J. Huangfu, X. Zhang, K. Chen, T.M. Grzegorczyk, J.A. Kong, Phys. Rev. E 70, 057605 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. H. Chen, L. Ran, D. Wang, J. Huangfu, Q. Jiang, J.A. Kong, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 031908 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. V.M. Shalaev, W.S. Cai, U.K. Chettiar, H.K. Yuan, A.K. Sarychev, V.P. Drachev, A.V. Kildishev, Opt. Lett. 30, 3356 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, J. Zhou, C.M. Soukoulis, S. Linden, Opt. Lett. 30, 3198 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Zhang, W. Fan, N.C. Panoiu, K.J. Malloy, R.M. Osgood, S.R.J. Brueck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 137404 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. G. Dolling, C. Enkrich, M. Wegener, C.M. Soukoulis, S. Linden, Opt. Lett. 31, 1800 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. G. Dolling, M. Wegener, C.M. Soukoulis, S. Linden, Opt. Lett. 32, 53 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. J.B. Pendry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3966 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Y. Svirko, N.I. Zheludev, M. Osipov, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 498 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. A.V. Rogacheva, V.A. Fedotov, A.S. Schwanecke, N.I. Zheludev, Phys Rev. Lett. 97, 177401 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. E. Plum, V.A. Fedotov, A.S. Schwanecke, N.I. Zheludey, Y. Chen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 223113 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. C. Imhof, R. Zengerle, Opt. Commun. 280, 213 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. V.A. Fedotov, P.L. Mladyonov, S.L. Prosvirnin, N.I. Zheludev, Phys. Rev. E 72, 056613 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. J.B. Pendry, D. Schurig, D.R. Smith, Science 312, 1780 (2006)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. U. Leonhardt, Science 312, 1777 (2006)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. D. Schurig, J.J. Mock, B.J. Justice, S.A. Cummer, J.B. Pendry, A.F. Starr, D.R. Smith, Science 314, 977 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. C. Imhof, R. Zengerle, Opt. Express 14, 8257 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. X. Chen, T.M. Grzegorczyk, B.-I. Wu, J. Pachecho Jr., J.A. Kong, Phys. Rev. E 70, 016608 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christian Imhof.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Imhof, C., Zengerle, R. Experimental verification of negative refraction in a double cross metamaterial. Appl. Phys. A 94, 45–49 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-008-4834-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-008-4834-2

PACS

Navigation