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Growth rates of Porites astreoides and Orbicella franksi in mesophotic habitats surrounding St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands

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Abstract

Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are deep (> 30 m), light-dependent communities that are abundant in many parts of the global ocean. MCEs are potentially connected to shallow reefs via larval exchange and may act as refuges for reef organisms. However, MCE community level recovery after disturbance, and thus, community resilience, are poorly understood components of their capacity as refuges. To assess the potential for disturbance and growth to drive community structure on MCEs with differential biophysical conditions and coral communities, we collected colonies of Orbicella franksi and Porites astreoides and used computerized tomography to quantify calcification. The divergence of coral growth rates in MCEs with different environmental conditions may be species specific; habitat-forming O. franksi have slow and consistent growth rates of ~ 0.2 cm yr−1 below 30 m, regardless of mesophotic habitat, compared to ~ 1.0 cm yr−1 in shallow-water habitats. Slow skeletal growth rates in MCEs suggest that rates of recovery from disturbance will likely also be slow. Localized buffering of MCEs from the stressors affecting shallow reefs is therefore crucial to the long-term capacity of these sites to serve as refugia, given that skeletal extension and recovery from disturbance in MCEs will be significantly slower than on shallow reefs.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank N. Fogarty, R. Ennis, J. Keller, R. Brewer, V. Brandtneris, S. Prosterman, I. Byrne and J. Jossart. This work was supported by the Black Coral Penalty and Community Service Funds, VI EPSCoR (NSF #0814417) and the NSF S-STEM Scholarship. This research was conducted under the Virgin Islands Department of Planning and Natural Resources (VI DPNR) permit #DFW15066T.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Marine Spatial Ecology Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 101 Pivers Island Rd., Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA

    Sarah H. Groves

  2. Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd., Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA

    Daniel M. Holstein

  3. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301, Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL, 33149, USA

    Ian C. Enochs, Graham Kolodzeij & Derek P. Manzello

  4. Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL, 33149, USA

    Ian C. Enochs

  5. Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, 2, John Brewer’s Bay, St. Thomas, VI, 00802, USA

    Sarah H. Groves, Marilyn E. Brandt & Tyler B. Smith

  6. Department of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast & Environment Louisiana State University, 1002-Q Energy, Coast & Environment Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Daniel M. Holstein

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  1. Sarah H. Groves
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Correspondence to Sarah H. Groves.

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Groves, S.H., Holstein, D.M., Enochs, I.C. et al. Growth rates of Porites astreoides and Orbicella franksi in mesophotic habitats surrounding St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands. Coral Reefs 37, 345–354 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-018-1660-7

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