Abstract
Five pollen diagrams representing the upper Holocene vegetation and its anthropogenic changes are presented and evaluated. They come from small spring fens in the Czech (Moravian) and Slovak borderland. The northern part of the region (the Beskydy Mts) had natural, precultural forests with either coniferous trees (Picea abies and Abies alba) or mixed with Fagus sylvatica. In the southern part of the region (the Bílé Karpaty Mts) forests dominated by Fagus mixed with Acer, Fraxinus and Ulmus prevailed, whereas conifers were almost absent, although in a central, transitional region (northern Bílé Karpaty Mts) Abies was locally abundant in relatively humid places. Medieval colonisation deforested their lower areas and foothills in the course of the 11th–13th centuries and transformed the original mixed oak forests into fields and meadows, but the mountain forests were little affected. In the Beskydy Mts in the north, the Walachian colonisation of the 16th and 17th centuries transformed parts of the mountain forests into meadows, pasture and farmlands. Most remaining woodlands were transformed during the last two centuries into spruce plantations. In the Bílé Karpaty Mts in the south, the Walachian transformation of mountain forests had already started by the 15th century.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge with thanks the participation of several colleagues who contributed to the project and publication of results. Michal and Petra Hájeks participated in the collection of samples. Mrs. Zuzana Formánková collaborated in computing the results and construction of the pollen diagrams. We are also indebted to Pim van der Knaap and Robert Krisai who reviewed the manuscript and contributed to its improvement. The first also made most of the linguistic corrections and modified the pollen diagrams to the form acceptable to VHA. The work was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (No. 206/02/0568) and the Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences.
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Communicated by M. Latałowa.
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Rybníček, K., Rybníčková, E. Upper Holocene dry land vegetation in the Moravian–Slovakian borderland (Czech and Slovak Republics). Veget Hist Archaeobot 17, 701–711 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-008-0160-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-008-0160-z