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Fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of Antarctic marine sponges of the genus Latrunculia

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Abstract

The fatty acid composition of marine cold-water sponges of genus Latrunculia, namely Latrunculia bocagei Ridley and Dendy, 1886, and Latrunculia biformis Kirkpatrick, 1907, for which no fatty acid data had been previously reported, has been examined. High levels of long-chain fatty acids (C24–30) with high unsaturation levels (mainly polyunsaturation), and high incidence of branched- and odd-chain fatty acids in sponges are suggested to be partially connected with their specific cell membrane requirements to surmount the negative effects of low temperatures and to enable growth in extreme environments. Furthermore, variations in the fatty acid profile at the species level may reflect variations in compositions or quantities of symbiotic microorganisms that commonly represent up to 60 % of the sponge wet weight. The fatty acid compositions of lipid-rich sponge extracts from five Latrunculia specimens dredged from the Bransfield Strait near the Antarctic Peninsula, were obtained using supercritical carbon dioxide and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–flame ionization detection. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of these extracts were determined using the photochemiluminescent method. Along with common fatty acids, the chemical analyses revealed very long-chain fatty acids (C22, C24). Differences were seen for the fatty acid levels between both species and different specimens of the same species. The observed differences do not seem connected to the habitat depth of the specimen, but rather indicate the variations within the associated microbiome. Furthermore, these sponge extracts showed antioxidant activities, confirming that they contain lipidic compounds that strongly scavenge free radicals.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Slovenian Research Agency (Research Program P2-0046), the ERASMUS Staff Mobility—Staff training program for financial support to TB and Dr. Christopher Berrie for editing and appraisal of the manuscript. D. Janussen wishes to thank all of her colleagues who participated in Antarctic expedition, ANT XXIX/3 in 2003. Our thanks go to the captain and crew of the RV Polarstern. The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) is acknowledged for financial support of her Antarctic Porifera Research Projects (JA 1063/17-1, JA-1063/14-1-3).

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia

    Tanja Botić, Darija Cör & Željko Knez

  2. Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy

    Andrea Anesi & Graziano Guella

  3. Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Kristina Sepčić

  4. Department of Marine Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Nature Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Dorte Janussen & Daniel Kersken

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  1. Tanja Botić
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Correspondence to Željko Knez.

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Botić, T., Cör, D., Anesi, A. et al. Fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of Antarctic marine sponges of the genus Latrunculia . Polar Biol 38, 1605–1612 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1722-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1722-z

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