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Temperature-phase transcriptomics reveals that hormones and sugars in the phloem of grape participate in tolerance during cold acclimation

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Abstract

Key message

Most of the upregulated genes contributed to the accumulation of soluble sugars and ABA in the phloem of ‘Vitis amurensis’ compared to ‘Merlot’ during cold acclimation.

Abstract

Extreme cold is one of the dominant abiotic factors affecting grape yield and quality. However, the changes in sugars, phytohormones, and gene expression in the branch phloem of different tolerant grape varieties during cold acclimation remain elusive. The data supported that with decreasing temperature, the contents of fructose, sucrose, and ABA in the phloem of Vitis amurensis (cold-tolerant, T) and ‘Merlot’ (cold-sensitive, S) increased during cold acclimation, and these indicators were higher in T than in S. Furthermore, the activities of sucrose synthetase, sucrose phosphate synthetase, and acid invertase peaked in the early phase of cold acclimation (approximately 5 °C) compared to other phases (approximately 28 °C, 0 °C, − 5 °C and − 10 °C). Moreover, the RNA sequencing results helped identify a total of 11,343 differentially expressed genes in the phloem of T and S, among which 4912 were upregulated and 6431 were downregulated. In the abscisic acid pathway, CRTISO, PSPY1-1, CYCP707A4-2, PYL4-1, PYL4-2, P2C08, SAPK2, TARAB1, and DBF3 were more highly expressed in T than in S. In the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, HXK1, PGMP, GLGL1, SUS6, VCINV, BGL11, SSY1, GPS, BAM1 and BAM3 were also more highly expressed in T than in S. Moreover, the genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, such as NDHF, ND4, ND1, NAD7, NAD2, ATPB, YMF19, ATP9, PMA1 and AHA8, were upregulated in T. These results will be beneficial for understanding the potential differences in tolerance across two different cold-tolerant grapes with respect to sugar metabolism and gene expression.

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Data availability

The RNA-sequencing data have been deposited with NCBI (https://submit.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/subs/sra/) under BioProject PRJNA793284.

Abbreviations

RNA-seq:

Transcriptome sequencing

T:

Vitis amurensis

S:

Merlot

IAA:

Auxin

ABA:

Abscisic acid

SuSy:

Sucrose synthase

SPS:

Sucrose phosphate synthase

AI:

Acid invertase

DEGs:

Differentially expressed genes

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

d:

Day

UDP:

Nucleoside diphosphate

GO:

Gene Ontology resource database

KEGG:

Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database

TFs:

Transcription factors

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

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Acknowledgements

We thank State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University provides service of plant hormones determination.

Funding

This working was supported by the FuXi Foundation of Gansu Agricultural University (No. Ganfx-03J02), Youth Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Project of Longyuan (2018LYQN01) and the Science and Technology Major Project of Gansu Province (18ZD2NA006).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China

    Guoping Liang, Zonghuan Ma, Shixiong Lu, Weifeng Ma, Juan Mao & Baihong Chen

  2. State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China

    Juan Mao & Baihong Chen

  3. College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, China

    Lidan Feng

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  1. Guoping Liang
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  2. Zonghuan Ma
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  4. Weifeng Ma
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  5. Lidan Feng
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  6. Juan Mao
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Contributions

JM and BHC designed the experiments. GPL and JM wrote the manuscript. GPL, ZHM, SXL, WFM and LDF conducted the experiments. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Juan Mao or Baihong Chen.

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Communicated by Emmanuel Guiderdoni.

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299_2022_2862_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Fig. S1 (a) Heatmap clusters representing 154 upregulated DEGs from Fig. 2b (red circles are upregulated genes in the Venn diagram) in the B, C, D, and E phases of T vs S. (b) Likewise, heatmap clusters represent 79 downregulated DEGs from Fig. 2b (blue circles are downregulated genes in the Venn diagram) in the B, C, D, and E phases of T vs S. The expression levels of DEGs are represented by log2 (FPKM) (TIF 3196 KB)

299_2022_2862_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Fig. S2 Co-expression trend analysis of all DEGs. (a), (c), (e), (g), (i), and (k) represent the six different expression trends of DEGs in T and S. (b), (d), (f), (h), (j), and (l) represent the significant pathways of the corresponding gene cluster annotated by KEGG (TIF 3070 KB)

299_2022_2862_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Fig. S3 GO functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs. The X-axis indicates the number of DEGs, and the Y-axis indicates the GO categories (TIF 988 KB)

299_2022_2862_MOESM4_ESM.tif

Fig. S4 Differentially expressed TFs. (a) Types and quantities of TFs. The X-axis indicates the number of DEGs, and the Y-axis indicates the type of TF. (b) The number of similar TF genes in T vs S under different phases during cold acclimation (TIF 2548 KB)

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Liang, G., Ma, Z., Lu, S. et al. Temperature-phase transcriptomics reveals that hormones and sugars in the phloem of grape participate in tolerance during cold acclimation. Plant Cell Rep 41, 1357–1373 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-022-02862-1

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