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Functional investigation of two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase-like genes in the moss Physcomitrella patens

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Abstract

Key message

Two ACC synthase-like (ACL) proteins in the moss Physcomitrella patens have no ACS activity, and PpACL1 functions as an l -cystine/ l -cysteine C-S lyase.

Abstract

The ethylene biosynthetic pathway has been well characterized in higher plants, and homologs of a key enzyme in this pathway, ACS, have been reported in several algae and mosses, including Physcomitrella patens. However, the function of the ACS homologs in P. patens has not been investigated. In this research, we cloned two putative ACS genes from the P. patens genome, namely PpACS-Like 1 and 2, and investigated whether their encoded proteins had in vitro and in vivo ACS activity. In vitro biochemical assays using purified PpACL1 and PpACL2 showed that neither protein had ACS activity. Subsequently, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing 35S:PpACL1 and 35S:PpACL2, and found that the transgenic etiolated seedlings that overexpressed either of these proteins lacked the constitutive triple response phenotype and did not emit excess levels of ethylene, indicating that neither of the PpACS-Like proteins had in vivo ACS activity. Furthermore, we found that PpACL1 functions as a C-S lyase that uses l-cystine and l-cysteine as substrates, rather than as an aminotransferase. Together, these results indicated that PpACL1 and PpACL2 are not true ACS genes as those found in higher plants.

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Abbreviations

ACS:

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase

C-S lyase:

Carbon–sulfur lyase

SAM:

S-adenosyl-l-methionine

ACC:

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

PLP:

Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate

AATase:

Aspartate aminotransferase

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Professor Hongwei Guo of Peking University for supplying the P. patens, and thanks also go to Dr. Li Xiong for her suggestions on editing the manuscript. This research was financially supported by the Major Technological Program on Cultivation of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms (Grant No. 2014ZX0800930B-002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31570293), the Key Grant Project of the Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 313032), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20130031130003), and Tianjin Research Program of Applied Basic and Cutting-edge Technologies (Grant No. 13JCQNJC15000).

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  1. Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

    Lifang Sun, Hui Dong,  Nasrullah, Yuanyuan Mei & Ning Ning Wang

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  1. Lifang Sun
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  2. Hui Dong
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  3. Nasrullah
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Sun, L., Dong, H., Nasrullah et al. Functional investigation of two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase-like genes in the moss Physcomitrella patens . Plant Cell Rep 35, 817–830 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-015-1923-5

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