Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the point prevalence of chronic widespread pain (CWP) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) in a primary care center of a hospital in Korea. CWP was defined as pain lasting more than 3 months involving all the classified pain sites (axial, left and right, above and below waist). FMS was diagnosed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and also by clinical judgment of a physician. All 1,077 subjects were classified into three groups as no chronic pain (NCP), chronic regional pain (CRP), and CWP. CRP was defined as chronic pain with the exception of CWP. The point prevalence of CWP was 6.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2–12.8) and the point prevalence of FMS was 1.7% (95% CI 0.0–4.9) by ACR criteria and 2.3% (95% CI 0.0–6.1) by clinical judgment, respectively. We also analyzed the differential demographic characteristics among patients with NCP, CRP, and CWP. When compared to NCP, CWP was significantly associated with the female gender after adjusting for other variables (odds ratio 4.2; 95% CI 1.4–12.4, P = 0.009). Compared to NCP, CWP patients had lower levels of education (P = 0.018), a lower likelihood of a professional occupation (P = 0.014), infrequent alcohol intake (P = 0.014) and a lower proportion of current smokers (P = 0.003) based on a univariable analysis. In this Korean hospital-based study, CWP patients were common and had different demographic characteristics and life habits from NCP.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, Bennett RM, Bombardier C, Goldenberg DL et al (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia: report of the multicenter criteria committee. Arthritis Rheum 33:160–172
McBeth J, Jones K (2007) Epidemiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 21:403–425
Toda K (2007) The prevalence of fibromyalgia in Japanese workers. Scand J Rheumatol 36:140–144
Kim S (2008) Prevalence of chronic widespread pain and chronic fatigue syndrome in Korean livestock raisers. J Occup Health 50:525–528
Kim S, Bae G, Lim H (2006) Prevalence and risk factors of fibromyalgia syndrome and chronic widespread pain in two communities in Korea—first report in Korean. J Korean Rheum Assoc 13:18–25
Oh J, Yang Y, Kim B, Kang J (2007) Validity and reliability of Korean version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short Form. J Korean Acad Fam Med 28:532–541
Buskila D, Abramov G, Biton A, Neumann L (2000) The prevalence of pain complaints in a general population in Israel and its implications for utilization of health services. J Rheumatol 27:1521–1525
Croft P, Rigby AS, Boswell R, Schollum J, Silman A (1993) The prevalence of chronic widespread pain in the general population. J Rheumatol 20:710–713
Wolfe F, Ross K, Anderson J, Russell IJ, Hebert L (1995) The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the general population. Arthritis Rheum 38:19–28
Schochat T, Raspe H (2003) Elements of fibromyalgia in an open population. Rheumatology 42:829–835
Prescott E, Kjoller M, Jacobsen S, Bülow PM, Danneskiold-Samsøe B, Kamper-Jørgensen F (1993) Fibromyalgia in the adult Danish population: 1 A prevalence study. Scand J Rheumatol 22:233–237
Forseth KO, Gran JT (1992) The prevalence of fibromyalgia among women aged 20–49 years in Arendal, Norway. Scand J Rheumatol 21:74–78
Campbell SM, Clark S, Tindall EA, Forehand ME, Bennett RM (1983) Clinical characteristics of fibrositis. I. A ‘blinded’, controlled study of symptoms and tender points. Arthritis Rheum 26:817–824
Tomasević-Todorović S, Pjević M, Bosković K (2010) Fibromyalgia-up to date aspects of pathophysiology diagnosis and treatment. Med Pregl 63:507–511
Berger A, Dukes E, Martin S, Edelsberg J, Oster G (2007) Characteristics and healthcare costs of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Int J Clin Pract 61:1498–1508
Veerapen K, Wigley RD, Valkenburg H (2007) Musculoskeletal pain in Malaysia: A COPCORD Survey. J Rheumatol 34:207–213
Katz RS, Wolfe F, Michaud K (2006) Fibromyalgia diagnosis: a comparison of clinical, survey, and American College of Rheumatology criteria. Arthritis Rheum 54:169–176
Bannwarth B, Blotman F, Lay KR, Caubère JP, André E, Taïeb C (2009) Fibromyalgia syndrome in the general population of France: a prevalence study. Joint Bone Spine 76:184–187
Mäkelä MO, Heliövaara M (1991) Prevalence of primary fibromyalgia in the Finnish population. BMJ 303:216–219
White KP, Speechley M, Harth M, Ostbye T (1999) The London fibromyalgia epidemiology study: the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome in London, Ontario. J Rheumatol 26:1570–1576
Carmona L, Ballina J, Gabriel R, Laffon A, On behalf of the EPISER Study Group (2001) The burden of musculoskeletal diseases in the general population of Spain: results from a national survey. Ann Rheum Dis 60:1040–1045
Walker JS, Carmody JJ (1998) Experimental pain in healthy human subjects: Gender differences in nociception and in response to ibuprofen. Anesth Analg 86:1257–1262
Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z (2005) Sex differences in pain perception. Gend Med 2:137–145
Anderberg UM (2000) Comment on: Johns and Littlejohn, The role of sex hormones in pain response. Pain 87:109–111
Buskila D, Neumann L, Frenkel A, Bolotin A, Levi I, Press J (2002) Increased nonarticular tenderness in obese women. Pain Clin 13:313–318
Mork PJ, Vasseljen O, Nilsen TI (2010) Association between physical exercise, body mass index, and risk of fibromyalgia: longitudinal data from the Norwegian Nord-Trøndelag health study. Arthritis Care Res 62:611–617
Okifuji A, Donaldson GW, Barck L, Fine PG (2010) Relationship between fibromyalgia and obesity in pain, function, mood, and sleep. J Pain 11:1329–1337
Bergman S, Herrström P, Högström K, Petersson IF, Svensson B, Jacobsson LT (2001) Chronic musculoskeletal pain, prevalence rates, and sociodemographic associations in a Swedish population Study. J Rheumatol 28:1369–1377
Schochat T, Beckmann C (2003) Sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors and reproductive history in subjects with fibromyalgia–results of a population-based case-control study. Z Rheumatol 62:46–59
Ang DC, Peloso PM, Woolson RF, Kroenke K, Doebbeling BN (2006) Predictors of incident chronic widespread pain among veterans following the First Gulf War. Clin J Pain 22:554–563
Bergman S, Herrstrom P, Jacobsson LT, Petersson IF (2002) Chronic widespread pain: a three year follow-up of pain distribution and risk factors. J Rheumatol 29:818–825
Pamuk ON, Dönmez S, Cakir N (2009) The frequency of smoking in fibromyalgia patients and its association with symptoms. Rheumatol Int 29:1311–1314
Palmer KT, Syddall H, Cooper C, Coggon D (2003) Smoking and musculoskeletal disorders: findings from a British national survey. Ann Rheum Dis 62:33–36
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely appreciate Seonhwa Yu Nr., Hyosun Lee Nr., and Minyoung Kwon Nr. for their contribution to data collection and interviewing subjects.
Conflict of interest
This research have no financial funding. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, C., Kim, H. & Kim, J. Prevalence of chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia syndrome: a Korean hospital-based study. Rheumatol Int 32, 3435–3442 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-011-2195-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-011-2195-1