Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of epoxidized soybean oil grafted poly(12-hydroxy stearate) on mechanical and thermal properties of microcrystalline cellulose fibers/polypropylene composites

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A new green compatibilizer named epoxidized soybean oil grafted poly(12-hydroxy stearate) (ESO-g-PHS) was successfully synthesized using 12-hydroxy stearic acid and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). The chemical structure of ESO-g-PHS was investigated through Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. ESO-g-PHS was used as a compatibilizer to enhance the interfacial compatibility between polypropylene (PP) and microcrystalline cellulose fibers (MCF). The results showed that the impact strength and tensile strength were 33.55 and 27.57 MPa when the content loading of MCF reached 10 wt% and ESO-g-PHS was 4 wt%, which enhanced by 75.4 and 30.04 %, respectively, compared to that of composites without ESO-g-PHS. In addition, the SEM images of the fracture surfaces display that PP was highly bonded to MCF with ESO-g-PHS treated. In addition, the wide angle X-ray diffraction measurement revealed that the addition of ESO-g-PHS did not change the crystal structure of PP. Moreover, there was a slight improvement in thermal properties for PP composites with the addition of ESO-g-PHS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Scheme 1
Scheme 2
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Santos RPO, Rodrigues BVM, Ramires EC et al (2015) Bio-based materials from the electrospinning of lignocellulosic sisal fibers and recycled PET. Ind Crops Prod 72(2015):69–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bowyer WH, Bader MG (1972) Reinforcement of thermoplastics using carbon fibres. Faraday Spec Discuss Chem Soc 2:165–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Chattopadhyay SK, Singh S, Pramanik N et al (2011) Biodegradability studies on natural fibers reinforced polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 121(4):2226–2232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Siró I, Plackett D (2010) Microfibrillated cellulose and new nanocomposite materials: a review. Cellulose 17(3):459–494

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Lu SR, Ling RH, Luo CX et al (2013) Sisal fibre/polypropylene composites modified with carboxyl terminated hyperbranched polymer. Plast Rubber Compos 42(9):361–366

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Maurya HO, Gupta MK, Srivastava RK et al (2015) Study on the mechanical properties of epoxy composite using short sisal fibre. Mater Today: Proc 2(4–5):1347–1355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sood M, Dharmpal D, Gupta VK (2015) Effect of fiber chemical treatment on mechanical properties of sisal fiber/recycled HDPE composite. Mater Today: Proc 2(4–5):3149–3155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang H (2014) Effect of a novel coupling agent, alkyl ketene dimer, on the mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites. Mater Des 59:130–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rezaei Abadchi M, Jalali-Arani A (2015) Crystallization and melting behavior of polypropylene (PP) in (vulcanized nanoscale polybutadiene rubber powder/PP) polymer-nanocomposites. Thermochim Acta 617:120–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Liu SP, Ying JR, Zhou XP et al (2009) Dispersion, thermal and mechanical properties of polypropylene/magnesium hydroxide nanocomposites compatibilized by SEBS-g-MA. Compos Sci Technol 69(11–12):1873–1879

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Al-Saleh MH (2015) Electrically conductive carbon nanotube/polypropylene nanocomposite with improved mechanical properties. Mater Des 85:76–81

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cui J, Mei C, Jia C et al (2010) Acrylamide–formaldehyde–urea copolymer as a novel compatibilizer for high density polyethylene/plant fiber composite. Polym Bull 67(3):375–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ichazo MN, Abano C, Gonzalez J et al (2001) polypropylene/wood flour composites: treatments and properties. Compos Struct 54:207–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zahari WZW, Badri RNRL, Ardyananta H et al (2015) Mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of polypropylene/ijuk fiber composite by using silane treatment. Proc Manuf 2:573–578

    Google Scholar 

  15. Spoljaric S, Genovese A, Shanks RA (2009) Polypropylene–microcrystalline cellulose composites with enhanced compatibility and properties. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 40(6–7):791–799

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zou J, Chen X, Shu Y et al (2010) Synthesis, characterization of star-shaped copolymers of l-lactide and epoxidized soybean oil. Polym Bull 66(3):315–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Jalilian S, Yeganeh H (2015) Preparation and properties of biodegradable polyurethane networks from carbonated soybean oil. Polym Bull 72(6):1379–1392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cheenkachorn K (2013) A study of wear properties of different soybean oils. Energy Proc 42:633–639

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Yang D, Peng X, Zhong L et al (2014) “Green” films from renewable resources: properties of epoxidized soybean oil plasticized ethyl cellulose films. Carbohydr Polym 103(2014):198–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Xiong Z, Yang Y, Feng J et al (2013) Preparation and characterization of poly(lactic acid)/starch composites toughened with epoxidized soybean oil. Carbohydr Polym 92(1):810–816

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sahoo SK, Mohanty S, Nayak SK (2015) Study of thermal stability and thermo-mechanical behavior of functionalized soybean oil modified toughened epoxy/organo clay nanocomposite. Prog Org Coat 88:263–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Lu Y, Hu Y, Chung TCM (2005) Syntheses of diblock copolymers polyolefin-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) and their applications as the polymeric compatilizer. Polymer 46(23):10585–10591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Morán JI, Alvarez VA, Cyras VP et al (2007) Extraction of cellulose and preparation of nanocellulose from sisal fibers. Cellulose 15(1):149–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Saw LT, Uy Lan DN, Rahim NAA et al (2015) Processing degradation of polypropylene-ethylene copolymer-kaolin composites by a twin-screw extruder. Polym Degrad Stab 111(2015):32–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Huang X, Weiss RG (2007) Molecular organogels of the sodium salt of (R)-12-hydroxystearic acid and their templated syntheses of inorganic oxides. Tetrahedron 63(31):7375–7385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Li Y, Sun XS (2015) Polyols from epoxidized soybean oil and alpha hydroxyl acids and their adhesion properties from UV polymerization. Int J Adhes Adhes 63:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Liu Z, Biswas A (2013) Fluoroantimonic acid hexahydrate (HSbF6·6H2O) catalysis: the ring-opening polymerization of epoxidized soybean oil. Appl Catal A 453(2013):370–375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Jain AA, Mehra A, Ranade VV (2015) Processing of TGA data: analysis of isoconversional and model fitting methods. Fuel 165:490–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Chen J, Zhao X, Zhang L et al (2015) Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of vinyl acetate under high pressure. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 53(12):1430–1436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Schawe JEK, Vermeulen PA, van Drongelen M (2015) Two processes of α-phase formation in polypropylene at high supercooling. Thermochim Acta 616:87–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Rogers MA, Wright AJ, Marangoni AG (2008) Crystalline stability of self-assembled fibrillar networks of 12-hydroxystearic acid in edible oils. Food Res Int 41(10):1026–1034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lu S, Li S, Yu J et al (2013) The effect of hyperbranched polymer lubricant as a compatibilizer on the structure and properties of lignin/polypropylene composites. Wood Mater Sci Eng 8(3):159–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Nourbakhsh A, Ashori A, Ziaei Tabari H et al (2010) Mechanical and thermo-chemical properties of wood-flour/polypropylene blends. Polym Bull 65(7):691–700

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Asha Krishnan K, Jose C, RohithK R et al (2015) Sisal nanofibril reinforced polypropylene/polystyrene blends: morphology, mechanical, dynamic mechanical and water transmission studies. Ind Crops Prod 71:173–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Hasan MS, Ahmed I, Parsons AJ et al (2013) The influence of coupling agents on mechanical property retention and long-term cytocompatibility of phosphate glass fibre reinforced PLA composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 28:1–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ye J, Ye Z, Zhu S (2008) Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched polyethylenes containing cross-linking structures by chain walking copolymerization of ethylene with diacrylate comonomer. Polymer 49(16):3382–3392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hsiao MC, Liao SH, Lin YF et al (2011) Preparation and characterization of polypropylene-graft-thermally reduced graphite oxide with an improved compatibility with polypropylene-based nanocomposite. Nanoscale 3(4):1516–1522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Liu Z, Erhan SZ, Xu J (2005) Preparation, characterization and mechanical properties of epoxidized soybean oil/clay nanocomposites. Polymer 46(23):10119–10127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Salleh FM, Hassan A, Yahya R et al (2014) Effects of extrusion temperature on the rheological, dynamic mechanical and tensile properties of kenaf fiber/HDPE composites. Compos B Eng 58(2014):259–266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Li H, Wang W, Li C et al (2015) Synthesis and characterization of brush-like multigraft copolymers PnBA-g-PMMA by a combination of emulsion AGET ATRP and emulsion polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 453:226–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Nakatani H, Motokucho S, Miyazaki K (2015) Preparation of novel polypropylene oligomer compatibilizer for polypropylene/microfibrous cellulose composite and its addition effect. Polym Bull 72(10):2633–2647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Kousksou T, Jamil A, Zeraouli Y (2012) Enthalpy and apparent specific heat capacity of the binary solution during the melting process: DSC modeling. Thermochim Acta 541(2012):31–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Song F, Wang Q, Wang T (2016) The effects of crystallinity on the mechanical properties and the limiting PV (pressure × velocity) value of PTFE. Tribol Int 93(2016):1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Cai Q, Wan Y, Bei J et al (2003) Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable polylactide-grafted dextran and its application as compatilizer. Biomaterials 24(20):3555–3562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51303034, 51573201, 51463007), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province, China (2013GXNSFAA019308, 2014GXNSFDA118006, and 2014GXNSFBA118034), Guangxi Universities Scientific Research Project (No. YB2014165) and International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Ningbo (No. 2015D10003), Guangxi Small Highland Innovation Team of Talents in Colleges and Universities and Guangxi Funds for Specially-appointed Expert.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People’s Republic of China

    Jin Yang, Shaorong Lu, Lulu Pan, Qiyun Luo, Laifu Song, Lingyan Wu & Jinhong Yu

  2. Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protection Technology, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People’s Republic of China

    Jinhong Yu

Authors
  1. Jin Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shaorong Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lulu Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Qiyun Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Laifu Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Lingyan Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jinhong Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shaorong Lu or Jinhong Yu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yang, J., Lu, S., Pan, L. et al. Effect of epoxidized soybean oil grafted poly(12-hydroxy stearate) on mechanical and thermal properties of microcrystalline cellulose fibers/polypropylene composites. Polym. Bull. 74, 911–930 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1753-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1753-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation