Abstract
Under nonsolvent vapor atmospheres, poly(1,1′-binaphthol butyl ether) nanospheres can be self-assembled from various good solvent solutions. To obtain the optimized assembling parameters, the factors such as the solvents and the polymer concentrations, on the formation of polymeric nanospheres were investigated. The choice of good solvent and nonsolvent is an important factor. The well-ordered nanospheres with the sizes of hundreds nm can be easily obtained from the preparation combinations such as CH2Cl2/MeOH vapor, CHCl3/MeOH vapor, CHCl3/EtOH vapor, and THF/EtOH vapor. Moreover, the increasing polymer concentration leads to the increasing spherical agglomerations. The static water contact angles of the films with polymeric spheres were measured to be above 130°. With the excitation wavelength of 371 nm, the polymeric nanospheres showed the blue emission with the peak at 480 nm. The nonsolvent vapor method is a facile way to prepare polymeric nanospheres.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Babu SS, Praveen VK, Ajayaghosh A (2014) Functional pi-gelators and their applications. Chem Rev 114:1973–2129
Maeyama K, Tsukamoto T, Kumagai H, Higashibayashi S, Sakurai H (2015) Synthesis of organosoluble and fluorescent aromatic polyketones bearing 1,1′-binaphthyl units through Suzuki–Miyaura coupling polymerization. Polym Bull 72:2903–2916
Liu Y, Shi QQ, Dong HL, Tan JH, Hua WP, Zhan XW (2012) Solvent-vapor induced self-assembly of a conjugated polymer: a correlation between solvent nature and transistor performance. Org Electron 13:2372–2378
Long YZ, Duvail JL, Li MM, Gu CZ, Liu ZW, Ringer SP (2010) Electrical conductivity studies on individual conjugated polymer nanowires: two-probe and four-probe results. Nanoscale Res Lett 5:237–242
Pan LJ, Qiu H, Dou CM, Li Y, Pu L, Xu JB, Shi Y (2010) Conducting polymer nanostructures: template synthesis and applications in energy storage. Int J Mol Sci 11:2636–2657
Long YZ, Zhang LJ, Chen ZJ, Huang K, Yang YS, Xiao HM, Wan MX, Jin AZ, Gu CZ (2005) Electronic transport in single polyaniline and polypyrrole microtubes. Phys Rev B 71:165412
Rao JP, Geckeler KE (2011) Polymer nanoparticles: preparation techniques and size-control parameters. Prog Polym Sci 36:887–913
Kuehne AJC, Gather MC, Sprakel J (2012) Monodisperse conjugated polymer particles by Suzuki-Miyaura dispersion polymerization. Nat Commun 3:1088
Wang ZC, Li ZY, Medforth CJ, Shelnutt JA (2007) Self-assembly and self-metallization of porphyrin nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc 129:2440–2441
Tuncel D, Demir HV (2010) Conjugated polymer nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2:484–494
Xu YY, Zhang F, Feng XL (2011) Patterning of conjugated polymers for organic optoelectronic devices. Small 7:1338–1360
Cui S, Liu HB, Gan LB, Li YL, Zhu DB (2008) Fabrication of low-dimension nanostructures based on organic conjugated molecules. Adv Mater 20:2918–2925
Adachi T, Tong L, Kuwabara J, Kanbara T, Saeki A, Seki S, Yamamoto Y (2013) Spherical assemblies from pi-conjugated alternating copolymers: toward optoelectronic colloidal crystals. J Am Chem Soc 135:870–876
Xiao XQ, Bai WB, Cai LF, Lin JH (2014) Solvent-induced controllable self-assembly of poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene). Chem Lett 43:331–333
Xiao XQ, Bai WB, Lin JH (2014) Strategy for self-assembly of the poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene) to microspheres: optimizing the self-assembling conditions. Polym Bull 71:2103–2112
Bai WB, Xiao XQ, Cai LF, Xu YL, Lin JH (2014) Fabrication of morphology-controlled nano/microstructural polyfluorene in mixed nonsolvent vapor atmospheres. React Funct Polym 76:13–18
Bai WB, Cai LF, Xiao XQ, Wu CX, Lin JH (2014) Polynaphthalenes prepared by solid-state oxidative coupling polymerization and their microspheres self-assembled via nonsolvent vapor method. Eur Polym J 57:58–65
Yamabe T, Yata S, Wang S (2003) The structures and properties of conjugated hydrocarbons such as polyacenic materials and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) doped with lithium. Syn Met 137:949–951
Mori T, Kijima M (2007) Synthesis and optical properties of polynaphthalene derivatives. Opt Mater 30:545–552
Zheng YY, Wu CX, Shang XH, Cai LF, Bai WB, Lin JH (2015) Poly(1,10- binaphthol butyl ether) prepared by solid-state oxidative coupling polymerization and their nanospheres via the reprecipitation method. Polym Bull 72:599–611
Bai WB, Wu CX, Shang XH, Cai LF, Lin JH (2015) Precipitation and sol formation from poly(p-phenylene)s solutions by spectroscopic study. Eur Polym J 70:221–231
Yabu H (2012) Creation of functional and structured polymer particles by self-organized precipitation (SORP). B Chem Soc Jpn 85:265–274
Yabu H (2013) Self-organized precipitation: an emerging method for preparation of unique polymer particles. Polym J 45:261–268
Zhao J, Li ZJ, Zhang M, Meng A (2015) Super-hydrophobic surfaces of SiO2-coated SiC nanowires: fabrication, mechanism and ultraviolet-durable super-hydrophobicity. J Colloid Interf Sci 444:33–37
Barshilia HC, Selvakumar N, Pillai N, Devi LM, Rajam KS (2011) Wettability of ZnO: a comparison of reactively sputtered; thermally oxidized and vacuum annealed coatings. Appl Surf Sci 257:4410–4417
Ong BS, Wu YL, Liu P, Gardner S (2005) Structurally ordered polythiophene nanoparticles for high-performance organic thin-film transistors. Adv Mater 17:1141–1144
Wang F, Han MY, Mya KY, Wang YB, Lai YH (2005) Aggregation-driven growth of size-tunable organic nanoparticles using electronically altered conjugated polymers. J Am Chem Soc 127:10350–10355
Pecher J, Mecking S (2010) Nanoparticles of conjugated polymers. Chem Rev 110:6260–6279
Kaeser A, Schenning APHJ (2010) Fluorescent nanoparticles based on self-assembled π-conjugated systems. Adv Mater 22:2985–2997
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Xueqing Xiao for her valuable comments. This work was supported by the Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2015J01188).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zheng, Y., Zheng, J., Wu, C. et al. Blue-emitting poly(1,1′-binaphthol butyl ether) nanospheres via the nonsolvent vapor method. Polym. Bull. 73, 2843–2854 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1626-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1626-2