Summary
Polypropylene-clay nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation in a twin screw extruder using two mixing methods: two-step mixing and one-step mixing. The effect of using two different kinds of PP-g-MA (polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride), with graft efficiencies of 0.1 and 1.0 wt% of MA and with different molecular weight, on clay dispersion and mechanical properties of nanocomposites was investigated. Three different clays, natural montmorillonite (Cloisite Na+) and chemically modified clays Cloisite 20A and Cloisite 30B were used. The relative influence of each factor was observed from structural analysis by WAXD, TEM, and mechanical properties. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) was used to investigate the intercalation effect in the nanocomposites. The results indicted that the intercalation effect and mechanical properties, specially modulus, tensile strength and impact strength, were enhanced by increasing the content of MA, using maleated PP with higher graft efficiency, and using the two step mixing conditions. Better dispersion and exfoliation were obtained when using clay 20A than 30B and natural Na+ montmorillonite. The results showed that clay dispersion and interfacial adhesion are greatly affected by the kind of maleated PP. The increase in content of polar groups gives as a result better interfacial adhesion and subsequent mechanical performance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kato M, Usuki A, Okada A (1997) J Appl. Polym Sci , 66:1781
Zanetti M, Lomakin S, Camino G (2000) Macromol Mater Eng 279:1
Garcia LD, Picazo O, Merino JC, Pastor JM (2003) Eur Polym J 39:945
Alexandre M, Dubois P (2000) Mater Sci Eng 26:1
Moore E (1996) Polypropylene Handbook; Hanser: Munich
Manias E, Touny A, Wu L, Lu B, Strawhecker K, Guilman J, Chung T (2000) Polym Mater Sci Eng 82:282
Svoboda P, Zeng Ch, Wang H, Lee LJ, Tomasko DL (2002) J Appl Polym Sci 85:1562
Kim Y, White JL (2005) J Appl Polym Sci, 96:1888
Ton-That MT, Perrin-Sarazin F, Cole KC, Bureau MN, Denault J (2004) Polym Eng and Sci, 44:1212
Utraki LA, Simha R (2004) Macromolecules 37:10123
Wong S Ch, Chen L (2002) Proc SPE ANTEC
Vaxman A, Tsalic N, Benderly D, Shalom R, Narkis M (2004) Proc SPE ANTEC 1887
Weibing X, Guodong L, Wei W, Shupei T, Pingsheng H, Wei-Ping P (2003) J Appl Polym Sci 88:3225
Guodong L, Junting X, Suping B, Weibing X (2004) J Appl Polym Sci 91:3974
Lan T, Pinnavaia T (1994) Chem Mater 6:2216
Jeon HG, Jung HT, Lee SD (1998) Polym Bull 41:107
Zhu L, Xanthos M (2004) J Appl Polym Sci 93:1891
Anderesen P (2002) Proc SPE ANTEC 219.
Cho JW, Logsdon J, Omachiniski S, Qian G, Lan T, Wormer TW, Smith WS (2002) Proc SPE ANTEC, 214
Dennis HR, Hunter DL, Chang D, Kim S, White JL, Cho JW, Paul DR (2001) Polymer 42:9513
Kwak M, Lee M, Lee B (2002) Proc SPE ANTEC, 224
Lee J, Lim Y, Park O (2000) Polym Bull 45:191
Gopakumar TG, Lee JA, Kontopoulou M, Parent JS (2002) Polymer 43: 5483
Brindley GW, Brown G (1980) Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and Their X-Ray Identification; Mineralogical Society: London
Lopez ML, Sanchez S, Ramos LF, Medellin FJ (2006) J Appl Polym Sci in press
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
López-Quintanilla, M., Sánchez-Valdés, S., Ramos de Valle, L. et al. Preparation and mechanical properties of PP/PP-g-MA/Org-MMT nanocomposites with different MA content. Polym. Bull. 57, 385–393 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-006-0555-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-006-0555-x