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Antibacterial Activity of Halophilic Bacteria Against Drug-Resistant Microbes Associated with Diabetic Foot Infections

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Abstract

Bacteria causing diabetic foot infections (DFI) are chronic and generally multidrug resistant (MDR), which calls urgently for alternative antibacterials. The present study focused on potential metabolite producing bacteria from a saltpan environment and screened against MDR pathogens isolated from DFI patients. Molecular identification of the DFI pathogens provided Klebsiella quasivariicola, Staphylococcus argenteus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus, Bacillus australimaris, and Corynebacterium stationis. Among 34 isolated halophilic bacteria, the cell-free supernatant of strain PSH06 provided the largest inhibition zone of 23 mm against K. quasivariicola [D1], 21 mm against. S. argenteus [D2], 19 mm against E. coli [D3], and a minimum inhibition zone was found to be 14 mm against C. stationis [D8]. The potent activity providing stain confirmed as Pseudomonas aeruginosa through molecular identification. On the other hand, ethyl acetate extract of this strain showed excellent growth inhibition in MIC at 64 µg/mL against K. quasivariicola. Distressed cell membranes and vast dead cells were observed at MIC of ethyl acetate extract by SEM and CLSM against K.quasivariicola and E. coli. GC–MS profile of ethyl acetate extract exposed the occurrence of Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and n-Hexadecanoic acid and shows 100% toxic effect at 24 mg/mL by Artemia nauplii. The active extract fraction with above compounds derived from saltpan bacteria provided highest antibacterial efficacy against DFI-associated pathogens depicted with broad spectrum activity compared to standard antibiotics.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to DST-PURSE-DST Sanction Order No-SR/FT/LS-113/2009, (Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli-24) for providing instrumentation facility during research period.A grant from MOST to Tan Han Shih (Hans-Uwe Dahms) is gratefully acknowledged (MOST 108-2621-M-037-001 and 109-2621-M-037-001 to T.H. Shih). This work was financially supported by the Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan. NSYSU/KMU collaboration is acknowledged (108-PO25).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India

    Santhaseelan Henciya, Thasu Dinakaran Vengateshwaran, Murugaiah Santhosh Gokul & Rathinam Arthur James

  2. Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan

    Hans-Uwe Dahms

  3. Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Hans-Uwe Dahms

  4. Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan

    Hans-Uwe Dahms

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  1. Santhaseelan Henciya
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Correspondence to Hans-Uwe Dahms or Rathinam Arthur James.

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Ethical Approval

The Collection of pus samples from the wound infected diabetic patients has been approved by the Institutional Ethics committee (IEC) for human research with the patient’s consents (Proposal S. No of IEC Management office: DM/2016/101/64) Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli—620024). The information of patients was kept confidential.

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Table S1 & S2: Antibiotics susceptibility test of Diabetic foot bacteria. Additional file3 (DOCX 18 kb)

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Table S3: Antibacterial activity of culture supernatants (SH1, SH3 and SH6), crude extract of various solvents of the PSH-06 strain against diabetic foot infection causing bacteria Additional file4 (DOCX 14 kb)

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Henciya, S., Vengateshwaran, T.D., Gokul, M.S. et al. Antibacterial Activity of Halophilic Bacteria Against Drug-Resistant Microbes Associated with Diabetic Foot Infections. Curr Microbiol 77, 3711–3723 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02190-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02190-1

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