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Validation of Camel's Fetal Fluids as Antimicrobial Agents

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Abstract

The present work investigated the effect of camel's fetal fluids on a variety of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Ten samples of camel's amniotic and allantoic fluids were collected aseptically during parturition and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. The majority of tested pathogens were inhibited by both fluids up to 25% concentration. The fluids showed zones of inhibition ranging from 8 to 30 mm. The most pronounced inhibition was detected for Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Aspergillus niger but the weak inhibition was obtained for Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans. Also, the MIC values of amniotic fluids (0.25–2 μg/ml) against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast were lower than the values of allantoic fluids (2–8 μg/ml). But in Gram-negative bacteria and molds, the MIC values of allantoic fluids (0.5–2 μg/ml) were the lowermost. Mucor circinelloides was the only pathogen that resisted both fluids. Analysis of fluid samples revealed the presence of several factors that are known to act as antimicrobial. All tested camel's fetal fluids harbored immunoglobulins, complements, and transferrin. Lysozyme was present in only one of 10 examined samples. We firstly report the prevalence of a profound in-vitro antimicrobial activity of camel's fetal fluids. This activity encourages their use as therapeutic alternative agents to overcome multidrug resistance problems.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan, Egypt

    Walaa M. Essawi

  2. Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig, Egypt

    Azza S. El-Demerdash & Manal M. El-Mesalamy

  3. Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Dokki, Egypt

    Mostafa A. Abonorag

Authors
  1. Walaa M. Essawi
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  2. Azza S. El-Demerdash
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  3. Manal M. El-Mesalamy
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  4. Mostafa A. Abonorag
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Contributions

WME contributed in collection of fetal fluid samples. ASE, WME, and MME participated in the conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, and writing the paper and revising it critically for important intellectual contents. MME and ASE contributed in investigations antimicrobial activity of fetal fluids. ASE contributed in analysis and interpretation of the results. MAA contributed in the measurement of the antimicrobial factors. All the authors have approved the final article version to be submitted.

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Correspondence to Azza S. El-Demerdash.

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Essawi, W.M., El-Demerdash, A.S., El-Mesalamy, M.M. et al. Validation of Camel's Fetal Fluids as Antimicrobial Agents. Curr Microbiol 77, 1399–1404 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-01945-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-01945-0

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