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Differential Response of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata to Oxidative and Nitrosative Stresses

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Abstract

Invasive candidiasis is associated with high mortality in immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. Candida albicans is the main pathological agent followed by Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis. These pathogens colonize different host tissues in humans as they are able to neutralize the reactive species generated from nitrogen and oxygen during the respiratory burst. Among the enzymatic mechanisms that Candida species have developed to protect against free radicals are enzymes with antioxidant and immunodominant functions such as flavohemoglobins, catalases, superoxide dismutases, glutathione reductases, thioredoxins, peroxidases, heat-shock proteins, and enolases. These mechanisms are under transcriptional regulation by factors such as Cta4p, Cwt1p, Yap1p, Skn7p, Msn2p, and Msn4p. However, even though it has been proposed that all Candida species have similar enzymatic systems, it has been observed that they respond differentially to various types of stress. These differential responses may explain the colonization of different organs by each species. Here, we review the enzymatic mechanisms developed by C. albicans and C. glabrata species in response to oxidative and nitrosative stresses. Lack of experimental information for other pathogenic species limits a comparative approach among different organisms.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful for the financial support provided by Grants: Proyecto-Institucional-UGTO-id202/2013 from the University of Guanajuato, México and PROMEP-UGTO-PTC-328 (M Cuéllar-Cruz, respectively).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there were no conflicts of interest with any organization or entity with a financial interest or financial conflict with the material discussed in this review.

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  1. Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico

    Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz, Everardo López-Romero & Roberto Zazueta-Sandoval

  2. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico

    Estela Ruiz-Baca

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  1. Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz
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Correspondence to Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz.

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Cuéllar-Cruz, M., López-Romero, E., Ruiz-Baca, E. et al. Differential Response of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata to Oxidative and Nitrosative Stresses. Curr Microbiol 69, 733–739 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-014-0651-3

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