Abstract
A total of 132 yeast strains were characterised from 4 sediment samples collected from small puddles in the vicinity of Midre Lovénbreen glacier, Arctic. Based on the D1/D2 domain sequence similarity, the isolates could be categorised into 6 groups. The nearest phylogenetic neighbour of groups I to VI were identified as Cryptococcus gastricus, Cryptococcus terricolus, Rhodotorula muscorum, Mrakia psychrophila, Mrakia gelida and Rhodotorula glacialis, respectively. Strains representative of the six groups were psychrophilic and salt tolerant but varied in their ability to produce cold-active extracellular enzymes such as lipase, protease, pectinase, cellulase and amylase. C18:1 (w9C) and C18:2 (w9,12C) were the only two fatty acids common to all the yeasts and branched and (or) unsaturated fatty acids increased in yeasts growing at 8°C compared to 22°C, probably as an adaptation to low temperature. The present study establishes that psychrophilic yeasts are predominant in Arctic and could be used as work horses to produce cold-active enzymes and poly unsaturated fatty acids which have been implicated in low temperature adaptation and also for their use in biotechnology.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abyzov SS (1993) Microorganisms in the Antarctic ice. In: Friedmann EI (ed) Antarctic microbiology. Wiley-Liss, New York
Bhadra B, Rao RS, Kumar NN, Chaturvedi P, Sarkar PK, Shivaji S (2007) Pichia cecembensis sp. nov. isolated from a papaya fruit (Carica papaya L., Caricaceae). FEMS Yeast Res 7:579–584
Bjornsson H, Gjessing Y, Hamran SE, Hagen JO, Liesto O, Palsson F, Erlingsson B (1996) The thermal regime of sub-polar glaciers mapped by multi-frequency radio-echo sounding. J Glaciol 42:23–32
Burden DW, Eveleight DE (1990) Yeasts—diverse substrates and products. In: Spencer JFT, Spencer DM (eds) Yeast technology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 199–227
Butinar L, Spencer-Martins I, Gunde-Cimerman N (2007) Yeasts in high Arctic glaciers: the discovery of a new habitat for eukaryotic microorganisms. Ant van Leeuwenhoek 91:277–289
Buzzini P, Martini A (2002) Extracellular enzymatic activity profiles in yeast and yeast-like strains isolated from tropical environments. J Appl Microbiol 93:1020–1025
Chintalapati S, Prakash JSS, Gupta P, Ohtani S, Suzuki I, Sakamoto T, Murata N, Shivaji S (2006) A novel Delta9 acyl-lipid desaturase, DesC2, from cyanobacteria acts on fatty acids esterified to the sn-2 position of glycerolipids. Biochem J 398:207–214
Chintalapati S, Prakash JSS, Singh AK, Ohtani S, Suzuki I, Murata N, Shivaji S (2007) Desaturase genes in a psychrotolerant Nostoc sp. are constitutively expressed at low temperature. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 362:81–87
Cronan JE Jr, Gelmann EP (1973) An estimate of the minimum amount of unsaturated fatty acid required for growth of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 248:1188–1195
Di Menna ME (1966) Yeasts in Antarctica. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 32:29–38
Dmitriev VV, Gilichinsky DA, Faizutdinova RN, Shershunov IN, Golubev WI, Duda VI (1997) Occurrence of viable yeasts in 3-million-year-old permafrost in Siberia. Mikrobiologiya 66:655–660
Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791
Gerday C, Aittaleb M, Bentahir M, Chessa JP, Claverie P, Collins T, D’Amico S, Dumont J, Garsoux G, Georlette D, Hoyoux A, Lonhienne T, Meuwis MA, Feller G (2000) Cold-adapted enzymes: from fundamentals to biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 18:103–107
Jones GEB (1976) Recent advances in aquatic mycology. The Gresham Press, Old Woking, Surrey
Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M (2004) Mega3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform 5:150–163
Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ (1998) Identification and phylogeny of ascomycetous yeasts from analysis of nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA partial sequences. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 73:331–371
Lin D, Wu LC, Rinald MG, Lehmann PF (1995) Three distinct genotypes within Candida parapsilosis from clinical sources. J Clin Microbiol 33:1815–1821
Marr AG, Ingraham JJ (1962) Effect of temperature on the composition of fatty acids in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 84:1260–1267
Margesin R, Fell JW (2008) Mrakiella cryoconiti gen. nov., sp. nov., a psychrophilic, anamorphic, basidiomycetous yeast from alpine and arctic habitats. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:2977–2982
Murata N, Los DA (1997) Membrane fluidity and temperature perception. Plant Physiol 115:875–879
Murata N, Wada H (1995) Acyl lipid desaturases and their importance in the tolerance and acclimatization to cold of cyanobacteria. Biochem J 308:1–8
Onofri S, Selbmann L, Zucconi L, Pagano S (2004) Antarctic microfungi as models for exobiology. Planet Space Sci 52:229–237
Pennisi E (2003) Neither cold nor snow stops tundra fungi. Science 301:1307
Ray MK, Shivaji S, Rao NS, Bhargava PM (1989) Yeast strains from the Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. Polar Biol 9:305–309
Reddy PVV, Rao SSSN, Pratibha MS, Sailaja B, Kavya B, Manorama RR, Singh SM, Srinivas TNR, Shivaji S (2009) Bacterial diversity and bioprospecting for cold-active enzymes from culturable bacteria associated with sediment from a melt water stream of Midtre Lovénbreen glacier, an Arcrtic glacier. Res Microbiol 160:538–546
Sakamoto T, Shen G, Higashi S, Murata N, Bryant DA (1998) Alteration of low-temperature susceptibility of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 by genetic manipulation of membrane lipid unsaturation. Arch Microbiol 169:20–28
Shivaji S, Bhadra B, Rao RS, Pradhan S (2008) Rhodotorula himalayensis sp. nov., a novel psychrophilic yeast isolated from Roopkund Lake of the Himalayan mountain ranges, India. Extremophiles 12:375–381
Shivaji S, Prasad GS (2008) Antarctic yeast: biodiversity and potential applications. In: Satyanarayana T, Kunze Gotthard (eds) Yeast biotechnology: diversity & application. Springer, Netherlands
Shivaji S, Kiran MD, Chintalapati S (2007) In: Gerday C, Glansdorff N (eds) Physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles. ASM Press, Washington, pp 194–207
Starmer WT, Fell YW, Catranis CM, Aberdeen V, Ma LJ, Zhou S, Rogers SO (2005) Yeasts in the genus Rhodotorula recovered from the Greenland ice sheet. In: Castello JD, Rogers SO (eds) Life in ancient ice. Princeton University Press, Princeton, Oxford
Strauss MLA, Jolly NP, Lambrechts MG, van Resemburg P (2001) Screening for the production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes by non-Saccharomyces wine yeasts. J Appl Microbiol 91:182–190
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucl Acid Res 25:4876–4882
Vishniac HS (1985) Cryptococcus friedmannii, a new species of yeast from Antarctic. Mycologia 77:149–153
Vishniac HS (2002) Cryptococcus tephrensis, sp. nov. and Cryptococcus heimaeyensis sp. nov.; new anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast species from Iceland. Can J Microbiol 48:463–467
Vishniac HS, Klinger J (1986) Extreme environments. Yeasts in the Antarctic deserts. In: Megusǎr F, Gantar M (eds) Perspectives in microbial ecology. Slovene Society for Microbiology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Yarrow D (1998) Methods for the isolation, maintenance and identification of yeasts. In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW (eds) The yeasts, a taxonomic study, 4th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 77–100
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India for financial support to SS. SS would also like to thank NCAOR and Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, for providing the financial and logistic support for the trip to Arctic.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pathan, A.A.K., Bhadra, B., Begum, Z. et al. Diversity of Yeasts from Puddles in the Vicinity of Midre Lovénbreen Glacier, Arctic and Bioprospecting for Enzymes and Fatty Acids. Curr Microbiol 60, 307–314 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-009-9543-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-009-9543-3