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Atherosclerosis and multi-organ-associated pathologies

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Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular system that is characterized by the deposition of modified lipoproteins, accumulation of immune cells, and formation of fibrous tissue within the vessel wall. The disease occurs in vessels throughout the body and affects the functions of almost all organs including the lymphoid system, bone marrow, heart, brain, pancreas, adipose tissue, liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. Atherosclerosis and associated factors influence these tissues via the modulation of local vascular functions, induction of cholesterol-associated pathologies, and regulation of local immune responses. In this review, we discuss how atherosclerosis interferers with functions of different organs via several common pathways and how the disturbance of immunity in atherosclerosis can result in disease-provoking dysfunctions in multiple tissues. Our growing appreciation of the implication of atherosclerosis and associated microenvironmental conditions in the multi-organ pathology promises to influence our understanding of CVD-associated disease pathologies and to provide new therapeutic opportunities.

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Acknowledgements

We apologize to our many colleagues whose important work we were unable to cite due to space limitations. Figure illustrations were created with Servier Medical Art.

Funding

The authors are supported by the National Institutes of Health under awards R01HL142129 and R01HL139000 (EVG) and AHA pre-doctoral fellowship 20PRE35180156 (AKM).

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Rd, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA

    W. Coles Keeter, Shelby Ma, Natalie Stahr, Alina K. Moriarty & Elena V. Galkina

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  1. W. Coles Keeter
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  2. Shelby Ma
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  3. Natalie Stahr
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  4. Alina K. Moriarty
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  5. Elena V. Galkina
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Correspondence to Elena V. Galkina.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue on: Inflammation in vascular diseases - Guest Editors: Mariana Kaplan & Peter Grayson

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Keeter, W.C., Ma, S., Stahr, N. et al. Atherosclerosis and multi-organ-associated pathologies. Semin Immunopathol 44, 363–374 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-022-00914-y

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