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Thrombomodulin and its role in inflammation

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Abstract

The goal is to provide an extensive review of the physiologic role of thrombomodulin (TM) in maintaining vascular homeostasis, with a focus on its anti-inflammatory properties. Data were collected from published research. TM is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of all vascular endothelial cells. Expression of TM is tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis and to ensure a rapid and localized hemostatic and inflammatory response to injury. By virtue of its strategic location, its multidomain structure and complex interactions with thrombin, protein C (PC), thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), complement components, the Lewis Y antigen, and the cytokine HMGB1, TM exhibits a range of physiologically important anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, and anti-fibrinolytic properties. TM is an essential cofactor that impacts on multiple biologic processes. Alterations in expression of TM and its partner proteins may be manifest by inflammatory and thrombotic disorders. Administration of soluble forms of TM holds promise as effective therapies for inflammatory diseases, and infections and malignancies that are complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation.

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Acknowledgments

Dr. Conway was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), the Canada Foundations for Innovation (CFI), and the UBC and Vancouver General Hospital Foundations. He holds a CSL Behring Research Chair and a Canada Research Chair in Endothelial Cell Biology, is an Adjunct Scientist with the Canadian Blood Services, and a member of the University of British Columbia Life Sciences Institute (LSI).

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  1. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Blood Research (CBR), University of British Columbia, Room 4306, Life Sciences Center, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3

    Edward M. Conway

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Correspondence to Edward M. Conway.

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This article is published as part of the Special Issue on Coagulation & Inflammation [34:1]

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Conway, E.M. Thrombomodulin and its role in inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 34, 107–125 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-011-0282-8

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