Abstract
Purpose
Bevacizumab is the first anti-angiogenic monoclonal antibody approved for use in combination with chemotherapy for treatment of a variety of solid tumors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of bevacizumab when administered concomitantly with paclitaxel and cisplatin to cynomolgus monkeys, and to assess the pharmacokinetic and safety interactions between bevacizumab and the two chemotherapeutic agents.
Methods
Twenty male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fasicularis) were randomized to one of four treatment groups: vehicle, bevacizumab alone, cisplatin alone, and the combination of cisplatin and bevacizumab. Blood collection over serial time points allowed determination of the pharmacokinetic parameters of paclitaxel and bevacizumab and the maximum concentration (C max) for cisplatin. Drug concentrations were determined by graphite-furnace atomic absorption, high performance liquid chromatography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, for cisplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab, respectively.
Results
AUC0-t values for bevacizumab when administered alone or in combination with chemotherapy were 6,747 ± 1,872 and 7,366 ± 1,599 μg/ml × day, respectively. AUC0-t values for paclitaxel with or without concomitantly administered bevacizumab were 10.9 ± 2.9 and 10.3 ± 3.7 μg/ml × day, respectively. No alterations in the C max of bevacizumab, paclitaxel, or cisplatin were observed between any of the treatment groups. As expected, based on their known safety profile, the administration of cisplatin and paclitaxel were associated with vomiting, decreased body weight, and transient decreases in white blood cell and absolute neutrophil counts; concomitant bevacizumab administration did not alter the incidence or severity of these toxicological effects.
Conclusion
Pharmacokinetic estimates for bevacizumab, paclitaxel and cisplatin indicate that combination of bevacizumab with the two chemotherapeutic agents does not result in a pharmacokinetic interaction. Moreover, the addition of bevacizumab to the chemotherapy regimen did not appear to alter the safety profiles of cisplatin/paclitaxel in cynomolgus monkeys. Results from the present study supported the clinical development of bevacizumab treatment regimens in combination with the chemotherapeutic agents paclitaxel and cisplatin.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Folkman J (1974) Tumor angiogenesis. Adv Cancer Res 19:331–358
Ferrara N, Davis-Smyth T (1997) The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocrinol Rev 18:1–22
Kim KJ, Li B, Winer J, Armanini M, Gillett N, Phillips HS, Ferrara N (1993) Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth in vivo. Nature 362(29):841–844
Kabbinavar FF, Wong JT, Ayala RE et al (1995) The effect of antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor and cisplatin on the growth of lung tumors in nude mice. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 36:488 (abstract 2906)
Borgström P, Gold DP, Hillan KJ et al (1999) Importance of VEGF for breast cancer angiogenesis in vivo: Implications from intravital microscopy of combination treatments with an anti-VEGF neutralizing monoclonal antibody and doxorubicin. Anticancer Res 19(5b):4203–4214
Sweeney CJ, Miller KD, Sissons SE, Nozaki S, Heilman DK, Shen J, Sledge GW Jr (2001) The antiangiogenic property of docetaxel is synergistic with a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor or 2-methoxyestradiol but antagonized by endothelial growth factors. Cancer Res 61(8):3369–3372
Gerber HP, Ferrara N (2005) Pharmacology and pharmacodynamics of bevacizumab as monotherapy or in combination with cytotoxic therapy in preclinical studies. Cancer Res 65(3):671–680
Ferrara N (2004) Vascular endothelial growth factor as a target for anticancer therapy. Oncologist 9(Suppl 1):2–10
Jain RK (2005) Normalization of tumor vasculature: an emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy. Science 307(5706):58–62
Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, Cartwright T, Hainsworth J, Heim W, Berlin J, Baron A, Griffing S, Holmgren E, Ferrara N, Fyfe G, Rogers B, Ross R, Kabbinavar F (2004) Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 350(23):2335–2342
Reddy GK (2005) The addition of bevacizumab to FOLFOX4 prolongs survival in relapsed colorectal cancer: interim data from the ECOG 3200 trial. Clin Colorectal Cancer 4(5):300–301
Tyagi P (2005) Bevacizumab, when added to paclitaxel/carboplatin, prolongs survival in previously untreated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: preliminary results from the ECOG 4599 trial. Clin Lung Cancer 6(5):276–278
Laskin JJ, Sandler AB (2005) First-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncology 19(13):1671–1676
Miller KD (2003) E2100: a phase III trial of paclitaxel versus paclitaxel/bevacizumab for metastatic breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 3(6):421–422
Muggia FR, Braly PS, Brady MF, Sutton G, Niemann TH, Lentz SL, Alvarez RD, Kucera PR, Small JM (2000) Phase III randomized study of cisplatin versus paclitxel versus cisplatin plus paclitaxel in patients with suboptimal stage III or IV ovarian cancer: a gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol 18(1):2349–2351
Shima DT, Gougos A, Miller JW, Tolentino M, Robinson G, Adamis AP, D’Amore PA (1996) Cloning and mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in ischemic retinas of Macaca fascicularis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 37(7):1334–1340
Hegedus L, van der Vijgh WJ, Klein I, Kerpel-Fronius S, Pinedo HM (1987) Chemical reactivity of cisplatin bound to human plasma proteins. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 20(3):211–212
Winer BJ (1971) Design and analysis of single-factor experiments, in statistical principles in experimental design, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 149–260
Levene H (1960) Robust tests for equality of variances. In: Olkin I (ed) Contributions to probability and statistics. Stanford University Press, Stanford, pp 278–292
Dunnett CW (1964) New tables for multiple comparisons with a control. Biometrics 20:482–491
Winer BJ (1971) Analysis of covariance, in statistical principles in experimental design, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 752–812
SAS Institute Inc (1989), SAS/STAT® User’s Guide, Version 6, 4th edn, vol 2. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, p 909
Lin YS, Nguyen C, Mendoza JL, Escandon E, Fei D, Meng YG, Modi NB (1999) Preclinical pharmacokinetics, interspecies scaling, and tissue distribution of a humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288(1):371–378
Urien S, Lokiec F (2004) Population pharmacokinetics of total and unbound plasma cisplatin in adult patients. Br J Clin Pharm 57(6):756–763
Mitchell EP, Schein PS (1984) Gastrointestinal toxicology of chemotherapeutic agents. In: Perry MC, Yarbro JW (eds) Toxicity of chemotherapy. Grune and Stratton Inc., Orlando, pp 269–295
Hoogland HC (1984) Hemotologic complications of cancer chemotherapy. In: Perry MC, Yarbro JW (eds) Toxicity of chemotherapy. Grune and Stratton Inc., Orlando, pp 433–448
Herbst RS, Sandler AB (2004) Non-small cell lung cancer and antiangiogenic therapy: what can be expected of bevacizumab? Oncologist 9(Suppl 1):19–26
Mulcahy MF, Benson AB 3rd (2005) Bevacizumab in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 5(7):997–1005
Ghetie V, Hubbard JG, Kim JK, Tsen MF, Lee Y, Ward ES (1996) Abnormally short serum half-lives of IgG in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice. Eur J Immunol 26(3):690–696
Junghans RP (1997) Finally! The Brambell receptor (FcRB). Mediator of transmission of immunity and protection from catabolism for IgG. Immunol Res 16(1):29–57
Story CM, Mikulska JE, Simister NE (1994) A major histocompatibility complex class I-like Fc receptor cloned from human placenta: possible role in transfer of immunoglobulin G from mother to fetus. J Exp Med 180(6):2377–2381
Simister NE, Mostov KE (1989) Cloning and expression of the neonatal rat intestinal Fc receptor, a major histocompatibility complex class I antigen homolog. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 54(1):571–580
Rahman A, Korzekwa KR, Grogan J, Gonzalez FJ, Harris JW (1994) Selective biotransformation of paclitaxel to 6 alpha-hydroxypaclitaxel by human cytochrome P450 2C8. Cancer Res 54(21):5543–5546
Vaishampayan U, Parchment RE, Jasti BR, Hussain M (1999) Taxanes: an overview of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Urology 54(6A Suppl):22–29
Gaudreault J, Shiu V, Bricarello A, Christian BJ, Zuch CL, Mounho B (2005) Concomitant administration of bevacizumab, irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin: nonclinical safety and pharmacokinetics. Int J Toxicol 24(5):357–363
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, L., Zuch, C.L., Lin, Y.S. et al. Pharmacokinetics and safety of bevacizumab administered in combination with cisplatin and paclitaxel in cynomolgus monkeys. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 61, 607–614 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-007-0513-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-007-0513-9