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Körperbezogene Aufmerksamkeitsverzerrungen bei Frauen und Männern

Potenzieller Risikofaktor für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung eines gestörten Körperbilds

Body-related attentional bias in women and men

Potential risk factor for the development and maintenance of a distorted body image

  • Schwerpunkt: Körperbild und Körperbildstörung - Übersichten
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Aufmerksamkeitsverzerrungen bei der Verarbeitung körper- und figurbezogener Stimuli werden als aufrechterhaltender Faktor von Körperunzufriedenheit bzw. eines gestörten Körperbilds diskutiert.

Ziel der Arbeit

Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Studien zu körper- und figurbezogenen Aufmerksamkeitsverzerrungen bei Frauen und Männern.

Material und Methoden

Vor dem Hintergrund eines heuristischen kognitiv-behavioralen Metamodells zu Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Körperbildstörungen werden aktuelle Befunde zu selektiver körper- und figurbezogener Aufmerksamkeitslenkung, getrennt für Frauen und Männer, dargestellt. Zudem werden Ergebnisse zur experimentellen Modifikation körper- und figurbezogener Verzerrungstendenzen bei Frauen referiert sowie Implikationen für die therapeutische Praxis abgeleitet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Für beide Geschlechter deuten die berichteten Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass (sub-)klinische Körperbildsorgen mit einer dysfunktionaleren Verarbeitung körper- und figurbezogener Stimuli einhergehen, insbesondere bei der Betrachtung des eigenen Körpers. Überdies sprechen die Befunde zur Modifikation attentionaler Verzerrungen bei Frauen für einen kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen selektiver Aufmerksamkeitslenkung auf negativ-valenzierte Körperstimuli und Körperunzufriedenheit.

Abstract

Background

Attentional bias during the processing of body and shape-related stimuli are assumed to perpetuate body dissatisfaction and a disturbed body image.

Objectives

This article presents a review of currently available studies concerning body and shape-related attentional bias in both genders.

Material and methods

In the light of a heuristic cognitive-behavioral meta-model for the development and perpetuation of disturbed body images, recent findings on body and shape-related attentional bias are presented separately for women and men. Furthermore, findings on the experimental modification of this bias in women are presented and the implications for the therapeutic practice are deduced.

Results and conclusion

For both genders the presented results indicate that (sub)clinical body image concerns are associated with a more dysfunctional processing of body and shape-related stimuli, especially with respect to one’s own body. Moreover, findings on the modification of attentional bias in women suggest a causal relationship between attention allocation towards negatively rated body stimuli and body dissatisfaction.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Psychologie, Fachgebiet Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Osnabrück, Knollstr. 15, 49069, Osnabrück, Deutschland

    Martin Cordes Dipl.-Psych., Anika Bauer, Manuel Waldorf & Silja Vocks

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  1. Martin Cordes Dipl.-Psych.
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  2. Anika Bauer
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  3. Manuel Waldorf
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  4. Silja Vocks
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Correspondence to Martin Cordes Dipl.-Psych..

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Martin Cordes, Anika Bauer, Manuel Waldorf und Silja Vocks geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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A. Martin, Wuppertal

J. Svaldi, Tübingen

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Cordes, M., Bauer, A., Waldorf, M. et al. Körperbezogene Aufmerksamkeitsverzerrungen bei Frauen und Männern. Psychotherapeut 60, 477–487 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-015-0058-z

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