Treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma with a standard chemotherapy regimen

Abstract

 Sixty patients with poor-prognosis malignant lymphoma associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were treated with a standard chemotherapy regimen: cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m² i.v., day 1; vincristine 1.4 mg/m² i.v., day 1; epirubicin 70 mg/m² i.v., day 1; and bleomycin 10 mg/m² i.v., on day 14. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, 5 μg/kg/day, was administered subcutaneously on days 4–14 to ameliorate severe myelosuppression. All patients were in an advanced stage of AIDS with <200 absolute CD4+ cells/mm³ and the presence of adverse prognostic factors related to lymphoma, such as high or high-intermediate clinical risk, multiple extranodal involvement, presence of bulky disease, and high levels of beta 2 microglobulin. Complete response (CR) was achieved by 33 patients (54%); no partial response was observed, and 27 cases were considered failures. All 27 died secondary to tumor progression without any response to salvage chemotherapy. Twenty patients in CR died of opportunistic infections related to AIDS. Actuarial 5-year survival shows that time to treatment failure for the 13 patients who remain in CR is 3.1 years. However, disease-free survival was 14.5 months. Overall survival for the entire group was 13.6 months. Side effects secondary to chemotherapy were frequent and severe, but no death related to treatment was observed.Infection-related granulocytopenia was observed in 27 cycles (8%). This study indicates that standard chemotherapy could be useful in patients with AIDS-associated lymphoma because CR rate, duration of remission, and survival were similar to those with other intensive, but more toxic, regimens. Until a new and better therapy for AIDS is found, treatment of patients with AIDS-related lymphoma will be regarded as palliative, and less toxic regimens will be considered. The use of a standard regimen appears to be an adequate therapeutic approach in this group of patients.