Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Consumptive water use and crop coefficients of irrigated sunflower

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Irrigation Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In semi-arid environments, the use of irrigation is necessary for sunflower production to reach its maximum potential. The aim of this study was to quantify the consumptive water use and crop coefficients of irrigated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) without soil water limitations during two growing seasons. The experimental work was conducted in the lysimeter facilities located in Albacete (Central Spain). A weighing lysimeter with an overall resolution of 250 g was used to measure the daily sunflower evapotranspiration throughout the growing season under sprinkler irrigation. The lysimeter container was 2.3 m × 2.7 m × 1.7 m deep, with an approximate total weight of 14.5 Mg. Daily ET c values were calculated as the difference between lysimeter mass losses and lysimeter mass gains divided by the lysimeter area. In the lysimeter, sprinkler irrigation was applied to replace cumulative ET c, thus maintaining non-limiting soil water conditions. Seasonal lysimeter ET c was 619 mm in 2009 and 576 mm in 2011. The higher ET c value in 2009 was due to earlier planting and a longer growing season with the maximum cover coinciding with the maximum ET o period. For the two study years, maximum average K c values reached values of approximately 1.10 and 1.20, respectively, during mid-season stage and coincided with maximum ground cover values of 75 and 88 %, respectively. The dual crop coefficient approach was used to separate crop transpiration (K cb) from soil evaporation (K e). As the crop canopy expanded, K cb values increased while the K e values decreased. The seasonal evaporation component was estimated to be about 25 % of ET c. Linear relationships were found between the lysimeter K cb and the canopy ground cover (f c) for the each season, and a single relationship that related K cb to growing degree-days was established allowing extrapolation of our results to other environments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Jamal MS, Sammis TW, Ball S, Smeal D (1999) Yield-based, irrigated onion crop coefficients. Appl Eng Agric 15(6):659–668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen RG, Pereira LS (2009) Estimating crop coefficients from fraction of ground cover and height. Irrigation Sci 28:17–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrig Drain Pap 56, Rome, 300pp

  • Allen RG, Wright JL, Pruitt WO, Pereira LS, Jensen ME (2007) Water requirements. In: Hoffman GJ, Evans RG, Jensen ME, Martin DL, Elliott RL (eds) Design and operation of farm irrigation systems, 2nd edn. ASABE, St Joseph, MI, pp 208–288

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bremmer PM, Preston GK, de St Groth CF (1986) A field comparison of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in a long drying cycle. I. Water Extr Aust J Agric Res 37:483–493

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryla DR, Trout TJ, Ayars JE (2010) Weighing lysimeters for developing crop coefficients and efficient irrigation practices for vegetable crops. HortScience 45(11):1597–1604

    Google Scholar 

  • Calera A, Martínez C, Melia J (2001) A procedure for obtaining green plant cover: relation to NDVI in a case study for barley. Int J Remote Sens 22:3357–3362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cihlar J, Dobson MC, Schmugge T, Hoogeboom P, Janse ARP, Baret F, Guyot G, Le Toan T, Pampaloni P (1987) Procedures for the description of agricultural crops and soils in optical and microwave remote sensing studies. Int J Remote Sens 8:427–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Connor DJ, Sadras VO (1992) Physiology of yield expression in sunflower. Field Crop Res 30:333–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martín de Santa Olalla FJ, Calera A, Domínguez A (2003) Monitoring irrigation water use by combining Irrigation Advisory Service, and remote sensed data with a geographic information system. Agric Water Manag 61:111–124

  • Demir A, Göksoy A, Büyükcangaz H, Turan Z, Köksal E (2006) Deficit irrigation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in a sub-humid climate. Irrigation Sci 24(4):279–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doorenbos J, Pruitt WO (1975) Crop water requirements. FAO Irrig Drain Pap 24, Rome, 144 pp

  • Exelis Visual Information Solutions (2012) ENVI user’s guide. Exelis Visual Information Solutions. pages used, Boulder, Co

    Google Scholar 

  • FAOSTAT (2011) FAO Statistical Database. http://faostat.fao.org. Accessed 14 Feb 2013

  • Fereres E, Pruitt WO, Beutel JA, Henderson DW, Holzapfel E, Shulbach H, Uriu K (1981) ET and drip irrigation scheduling. In: Fereres E (ed) Drip irrigation management. University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences, No 21259, pp 8–13

  • Fereres E, Orgaz F, Villalobos FJ (1993) Water use efficiency of Sustainable agricultural systems. In: International crop science I. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, Crop Science Society of America, pp 83–89

  • García-Vila M, Fereres E (2012) Sunflower. In: Steduto P, Hsiao TC, Fereres E, Raes D (eds) Crop yield response to water. FAO Irrig Drain Pap 66, Rome, 500pp

  • Göksoy AT, Demir AO, Turan ZM, Dağüstü N (2004) Responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to full and limited irrigation at different growth stages. Field Crop Res 87:167–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grattan SR, Bowers W, Dong A, Snyder R, Carroll J, George W (1998) New crop coefficients estimate water use of vegetables, row crops. Calif Agric 52(1):16–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson BR, May DM (2006) Crop evapotranspiration of processing tomato in the San Joaquin valley of California, USA. Irrigation Sci 24(4):211–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howell TA, Evett SR, Tolk JA, Copeland KS, Marek TH (2012) Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients for irrigated sunflower in the Southern High Plains. ASABE Paper No. 12-1338306. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE

  • IBM, SPSS Statistics (2012) SPSS statistical software, version 19. SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen ME (ed) 1974 Consumptive use of water and irrigation water requirements. Rpt. Tech. Comm Irrig Water Req, ASCE, New York

  • Jensen ME, Burman RD, Allen RG (eds) (1990) Evapotranspiration and water irrigation requirements. Committee on irrigation Water Requirements, Irrigation and Drainage Division of ASCE, Manual 70. ASCE, New York, p 332

    Google Scholar 

  • Karam F, Lahoud R, Masaad R, Kabalan R, Breidi J, Chalita C, Rouphael Y (2007) Evapotranspiration, seed yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigated sunflower under full and deficit irrigation conditions. Agric Water Manag 90:213–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • López-Urrea R, Martín de Santa Olalla F, Fabeiro C, Moratalla A (2006) Testing evapotranspiration equations using lysimeter observations in a semiarid climate. Agric Water Manag 85:15–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • López-Urrea R, Montoro A, González-Piqueras J, López-Fuster P, Fereres E (2009) Water use of spring wheat to raise water productivity. Agric Water Manag 96:1305–1310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • López-Urrea R, Montoro A, Mañas F, López-Fuster P, Fereres E (2012) Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients from lysimeter measurements of mature ‘Tempranillo’ wine grapes. Agric Water Manag 112:13-20

    Google Scholar 

  • MAGRAMA (2010) Anuario de Estadística 2010. MAGRAMA. http://www.magrama.gob.es. Accessed 5 Sep 2012

  • Montoro A (2008) Avances en el manejo del agua en la agricultura de riego. Ph.D. Thesis Castilla-La Mancha University, Spain

  • Montoro A, López-Fuster P, Fereres E (2011) Improving on-farm water management through an irrigation scheduling service. Irrig Sci 29(4):311–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NDAWN (2012) Sunflower development and growing degree days (GDD), North Dakota State University, Fargo. http://ndawn.ndsu.nodak.edu/help-sunflower-growing-degree-days.html. Accessed 31 Jan 2013

  • Schneiter AA, Miller JF (1981) Description of sunflower growth stages. Crop Sci 21:901–903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sezen SM, Yazar A, Kapur B, Tekin S (2011) Comparison of drip and sprinkler irrigation strategies on sunflower seed and oil yield and quality under mediterranean conditions. Agric Water Manag 98:1153–1161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Škorić D (1992) Achievements and future directions of sunflower breeding. Field Crop Res 30:231–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soil Survey Staff (2006) Keys to soil taxonomy, 10th edn. USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Soriano MA, Orgaz F, Villalobos FJ, Fereres E (2004) Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower. Eur J Agron 21:465–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stone LR, Schlegel AJ, Gwin RE Jr, Khan AH (1996) Response of corn, grain sorghum, and sunflower to irrigation in the High Plains of Kansas. Agric Water Manag 30:251–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stone LR, Goodrum DE, Schlegel AJ, Jaafar MN, Khan AH (2002) Water depletion depth of grain sorghum and sunflower in the Central High Plains. Agron J 94:936–943

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolk JA, Howell TA (2012) Sunflower water productivity in four Great Plains soils. Field Crop Res 127:120–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyagi NK, Sharma DK, Luthra SK (2000) Determination of evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of rice and sunflower with lysimeter. Agric Water Manag 45:41–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Unger PW (1982) Time and frequency of irrigation effects on sunflower production and water use. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46:1072–1076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright JL (1985) Evapotranspiration and irrigation water requirements. In: Advances in Evapotranspiration: Proceedings of the 4th National Conference on Advances in Evapotranspiration, Chicago, IL, St Joseph, MI. ASAE, pp 105–113

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments and suggestions from the anonymous reviewers. This work has been funded by the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (Project AGL2009-13124) and the Education and Science Council (JCCM, Spain) (Projects PAI07-0058-5569 and PPII10-0319-8732). The authors are particularly grateful to Laura Martínez, Angel García and Miguel Gómez for their help during the field work and data collection phase.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Técnico Agronómico Provincial (ITAP) and FUNDESCAM, Avda. Gregorio Arcos 19, 02005, Albacete, Spain

    R. López-Urrea & A. Montoro

  2. USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Unit, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building D, Fort Collins, CO, 80526-8119, USA

    T. J. Trout

Authors
  1. R. López-Urrea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Montoro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. J. Trout
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. López-Urrea.

Additional information

Communicated by S. Ortega-Farias.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

López-Urrea, R., Montoro, A. & Trout, T.J. Consumptive water use and crop coefficients of irrigated sunflower. Irrig Sci 32, 99–109 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-013-0418-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-013-0418-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation