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The contribution of shallow groundwater by safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under high water table conditions, with and without supplementary irrigation

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Abstract

Lysimetric experiments were conducted to determine the contribution made by groundwater to the overall water requirements of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The plants were grown in 24 columns, each having a diameter of 0.40 m and packed with silty clay soil. The four replicate randomized complete block factorial experiments were carried out using different treatment combinations. Six treatments were applied during each experiment by maintaining groundwater, with an EC of 1 dS m−1, at three different water table levels (0.6, 0.8 and 1.10 m) with and without supplementary irrigation. The uptake of groundwater as a part of crop evapotranspiration was measured by taking daily readings of the water levels found in Mariotte tubes. The supplementary irrigation requirement for each treatment was applied by adding water (EC of 1 dS m−1). The average percentage contribution from groundwater for the treatments (with and without supplementary irrigation under water table levels of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.10 m) were found to be 65, 59, 38% and 72, 70, 47% of the average annual safflower water requirement (6,466 m3 ha−1). The increase in groundwater depths under supplementary irrigation treatments from 0.6 to 0.80 and 1.10 m caused seed and oil yield reductions of (7, 23.10%) and (48.23, 65.40%), respectively.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the Razi University of Kermanshah for funding this study. We are also grateful to the Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center for their valuable cooperation. English editing done by Dr Hooti Noorbakhsh and Mr Jafar Jazareri from Razi University is also gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Irrigation and Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, P.O. Box 1158, 6715685438, Kermanshah, Iran

    Houshang Ghamarnia, Mohsen Golamian & Saloome Sepehri

  2. Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran

    Issa Arji

  3. Department of Irrigation and Water Resource Engineering, Boalisina University, Hamadan, Iran

    Samera Norozpour

Authors
  1. Houshang Ghamarnia
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  2. Mohsen Golamian
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  3. Saloome Sepehri
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  4. Issa Arji
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  5. Samera Norozpour
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Correspondence to Houshang Ghamarnia.

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Communicated by J. Ayars.

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Ghamarnia, H., Golamian, M., Sepehri, S. et al. The contribution of shallow groundwater by safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under high water table conditions, with and without supplementary irrigation. Irrig Sci 31, 285–299 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-011-0304-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-011-0304-2

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