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The Role of Coagulation and Inflammation After Angioplasty in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

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Abstract

Purpose

Restenosis remains a frequent complication after angioplasty in peripheral arterial disease. Inflammation plays a critical role in the vascular response to injury. Effective medical treatment to improve patency after angioplasty is still elusive. The aims of this prospective clinical study were to investigate changes in blood coagulation and inflammatory markers after angioplasty and their significance for restenosis.

Methods

Thirty-four patients with peripheral arterial disease underwent angioplasty of the iliac and superficial femoral arteries. Ten patients undergoing diagnostic angiography were included in the study as controls. Plasma levels of tissue factor, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, D-dimer, P-selectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen were analyzed before and after angioplasty. Patients were followed up with angiography after 6 months to assess restenosis.

Results

CRP was elevated the day after angioplasty (6.6 mg/l, p = 0.0001) and tended to peak after 1 week (11 mg/l, p = 0.09). There was a significant increase of D-dimer and P-selectin 1–4 hr after angioplasty (0.4 mg/l, p = 0.001 and 68 ng/ml, p = 0.05, respectively). None of the biochemical markers was a statistically significant predictor of restenosis.

Conclusion

We have observed a much more prolonged inflammatory response than previously noted, but only minor changes in coagulation activity after angioplasty. The biochemical markers, before and after angioplasty, were not related to restenosis. Further studies are needed to delineate the molecular mechanisms behind these observations and their involvement in thrombosis and restenosis. If these pathways are further defined, improved treatment strategies, including antithrombotic treatments and statins, could be tailored to modulate postprocedural inflammation.

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Acknowledgment

We thank research nurse Maritha Johansson for technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden

    C.M. Wahlgren, L. Blohmé & J. Swedenborg

  2. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden

    M. Sten-Linder & N. Egberg

  3. Department of Thoracic Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden

    B. Kalin

Authors
  1. C.M. Wahlgren
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  2. M. Sten-Linder
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  3. N. Egberg
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  4. B. Kalin
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  5. L. Blohmé
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  6. J. Swedenborg
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Correspondence to C.M. Wahlgren.

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Wahlgren, C., Sten-Linder, M., Egberg, N. et al. The Role of Coagulation and Inflammation After Angioplasty in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 29, 530–535 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-005-0159-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-005-0159-0

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