Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of single crystals of chromium-doped forsterite grown by the Czochralski method in two different research laboratories has revealed, apart from the known paramagnetic centers Cr3+(M1), Cr3+(M2) and Cr4+, a new center \( {\text{Cr}}^{ 3+ } (M 1){-}V_{{{\text{Mg}}^{ 2+ } }} (M 2) \) formed by a Cr3+ ion substituting for Mg2+ at the M1 structural position with a nearest-neighbor Mg2+ vacancy at the M2 position. For this center, the conventional zero-field splitting parameters D and E and the principal g values and A values of the 53Cr hyperfine splitting have been determined as follows: D = 33.95(3) GHz, E = 8.64(1) GHz, g = [1.9811(2), 1.9787(2), 1.9742(2)], A = [51(3), 52(2), 44(3)] MHz. The center has been identified by comparing EPR spectra with those of the charge-uncompensated ion Cr3+(M1) and the ion pair Cr3+(M1)–Li+(M2) observed in forsterite crystals codoped with chromium and lithium. It has been found that the concentration of the new center decreases to zero, whereas that of the Cr3+(M1) and Cr3+(M1)–Li+(M2) centers increases with an increase of the Li content from 0 up to ~0.03 wt% (at the same Cr content ~0.07 wt%) in the melt. The known low-temperature luminescence data pertinent to the centers under consideration are also discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abragam A, Bleaney B (1970) Electron paramagnetic resonance of transition ions. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Baryshevski VG, Korzhik MV, Livshitz MG, Tarasov AA, Kimaev AE, Mishkel II, Meilman ML, Minkov BJ, Shkadarevich AP (1991) Properties of forsterite and the performance of forsterite lasers with lasers and flashlamp pumping. In: Dube G, Chase L (eds) OSA proceedings on advanced solid-state lasers, vol 10. Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, pp 26–34
Bershov LV, Gaite J-M, Hafner SS, Rager H (1983) Electron paramagnetic resonance and ENDOR studies of Cr3+–Al3+ pairs in forsterite. Phys Chem Miner 9:95–101
Birle JD, Gibbs GV, Moore PB, Smith JV (1968) Crystal structures of natural olivines. Am Mineral 53:807–824
Budil DE, Park DG, Burlitch JM, Geray RF, Dieckmann R, Freed JH (1994) 9.6 GHz and 34 GHz electron paramagnetic resonance studies of chromium-doped forsterite. J Chem Phys 101:3538–3548
Forbes CE (1983) Analysis of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters for Cr3+ in mirror and inversion symmetry sites of alexandrite (Al2-x Cr x BeO4). Determination of the relative site occupancy by EPR. J Chem Phys 79:2590–2599
Garrett MH, Chan VH, Jenssen HP, Whitmore MH, Sacra A, Singel DJ, Simkin DJ (1991) Comparison of chromium-doped forsterite and akermanite laser host crystals. In: Dube G, Chase L (eds) OSA proceedings on advanced solid-state lasers, vol 10. Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, pp 76–81
Glynn TJ, Imbusch GF, Walker G (1991) Luminescence from Cr3+ centres in forsterite (Mg2SiO4). J Lumin 48, 49:541–544
Groh DJ, Pandey R, Recio JM (1994) Embedded-quantum-cluster study of local relaxations and optical properties of Cr3+ in MgO. Phys Rev 50:14860–14866
Hall PL, Angel BR, Jones JPE (1974) Dependence of spin Hamiltonian parameters E and D on labeling of magnetic axes: application to ESR of high-spin Fe3+. J Magn Reson 15:64–68
Hoffman KR, Casas-Gonzalez J, Jacobsen SM, Yen WM (1991) Electron-paramagnetic-resonance and fluorescence-line-narrowing measurements of the lasing center in Cr-doped forsterite. Phys Rev B 44:12589–12592
Jia W, Liu H, Jaffe S, Yen WM, Denker B (1991) Spectroscopy of Cr3+ and Cr4+ ions in forsterite. Phys Rev B 43:5234–5242
Kück S (2001) Laser-related spectroscopy of ion-doped crystals for tunable solid-state lasers. Appl Phys B 72:515–562
Lebedev VF, Ryabov ID, Gaister AV, Podstavkin AS, Zharikov EV, Shestakov AV (2005) Spectral and generation properties of a new laser crystal (Cr3+, Li):Mg2SiO4. Phys Solid State 47:1504–1506
Macfarlane RM (1963) Analysis of the spectrum of d 3 ions in trigonal crystal fields. J Chem Phys 39:3118–3126
McPherson GL, Heung W (1976) Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of exchange-coupled pairs of Cr3+ ions in single crystals of CsMgCl3. Solid State Commun 19:53–56
McPherson GL, Heung W, Barraza JJ (1978) Coupled pairs of chromium(III) ions in crystals of CsMgCl3, CsMgBr3, and CsCdBr3. A case of charge compensation induced pair formation. J Am Chem Soc 100:469–475
Meilman ML, Livshitz MG (1992) Origin of lasing in forsterite: additional data and analysis. In: Chase LL, Pinto AA (eds) OSA proceedings on advanced solid-state lasers, vol 13. Optical Society of America, Washington DC, pp 39–41
Press WH, Flannery BP, Teukolsky SA, Vetterling WT (1986) Numerical recipes: the art of scientific computing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 521–528
Racah G (1942) Theory of complex spectra. II. Phys Rev 62:438–462
Rager H (1977) Electron spin resonance of trivalent chromium in forsterite, Mg2SiO4. Phys Chem Miner 1:371–378
Rudowicz C, Bramley R (1985) On standardization of the spin Hamiltonian and the ligand field Hamiltonian for orthorhombic symmetry. J Chem Phys 83:5192–5197
Ryabov ID (1995) Electron paramagnetic resonance of the SO4 3− radical in barite and celestite. Phys Chem Miner 22:406–410
Ryabov ID (2009) On the operator equivalents and the crystal-field and spin Hamiltonian parameters. Appl Magn Reson 35:481–494
Ryabov ID, Gaister AV, Zharikov EV (2003) Electron paramagnetic resonance of Cr3+–Li+ centers in (Cr, Li):Mg2SiO4 synthetic forsterite. Phys Solid State 45:51–56
Shakurov GS, Tarasov VF (2001) High-frequency tunable EPR spectroscopy of Cr3+ in synthetic forsterite. Appl Magn Reson 21:597–605
Tarasov VF, Shakurov GS, Gavrilenko AN (1995) EPR of chromium ions in synthetic forsterite at submillimeter range. Phys Solid State 37:270
Wertz JE, Auzins P (1957) Crystal vacancy evidence from electron spin resonance. Phys Rev 106:484–488
Whitmore MH, Sacra A, Singel DJ (1993) Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of tetrahedral Cr4+ in chromium-doped forsterite and akermanite. J Chem Phys 98:3656–3664
Wood DL (1965) Absorption, fluorescence, and Zeeman effect in emerald. J Chem Phys 42:3404–3410
Wood DL, Imbusch GF, Macfarlane RM, Kisliuk P, Larkin DM (1968) Optical spectrum of Cr3+ ions in spinels. J Chem Phys 48:5255–5263
Wu X-X, Fang W, Feng W-L, Zheng W-C (2009) Study of EPR parameters and defect structure for two tetragonal impurity centers in MgO:Cr3+ and MgO:Mn4+ crystals. Appl Magn Reson 35:503–510
Wybourne BG (1965) Spectroscopic properties of rare earths. Interscience Publishers, New York, p 164
Yu W-L (1996) Study of the local distortion of the tetragonal charge-compensation defect sites in Cr3+:MgO. Phys Lett A 221:355–358
Yu W-L (1998) Local distortion of the orthorhombic charge-compensation defect sites in Cr3+:MgO. J Phys Chem Solids 59:261–263
Acknowledgments
The author is very grateful to Professor M. L. Meilman (Meylman), Professor E. V. Zharikov and Dr. A. V. Gaister for kindly supplying the laser chromium-doped forsterite single crystals.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ryabov, I.D. EPR study of chromium-doped forsterite crystals: Cr3+(M1) with and without associated nearest-neighbor Mg2+(M2) vacancy. Phys Chem Minerals 38, 177–184 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-010-0393-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-010-0393-0