Skip to main content
Log in

Value of a Systematic Operative Protocol for Cocaine Body Packers

  • Published:
World Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Internal concealment of illicit drugs during international drug traffic represents an important problem in developed countries. These drug traffickers are called “body packers.” The aim of this study was to analyze retroprospectively the surgical indications and complications for cocaine body packers and to describe our systematic operative protocol.

Methods

From January 1997 to December 2005, 1,181 cocaine body packers were admitted to our Medico-Judiciary Emergency Department. All patients had the same medical surveillance protocol. Nineteen patients required surgical procedure to remove drug packets.

Results

Thirteen patients had obstruction or intestinal retention (68%). Suspicion of packet rupture or cocaine intoxication occurred in six patients (32%). Zero to three enterotomies were necessary during laparotomy. No deaths occurred. One pouch abscess required relaparotomy and one wound abscess was treated medically. The median hospital stay was 7 days (range: 5–30 days).

Conclusions

Few cocaine body packers required a laparotomy. Our systematic operative protocol allowed intestinal clearance and caused acceptable morbidity rate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Traub SJ, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS (2003) Body packing—the internal concealment of illicit drugs. N Engl J Med 349:2519–2526

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lancashire MJ, Legg PK, Lowe M et al. (1988) Surgical aspects of international drug smuggling. Br Med J 296:1035–1037

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. McCarron MM, Wood JD (1983) The cocaine “body packer” syndrome. Diagnosis and treatment. JAMA 250:1417–1420

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Clement R, Fornes P, Lecomte D (2001) Le syndrome du body packer. Presse Med 30:264–267

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Diamant-Berger O, Gherardi R, Baud F et al. (1988) Dissimulation intracorporelle de stupéfiants. Expérience des urgences medico-judiciaires de l’Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. Presse Med 17:107–1010

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wetli CV, Mittlemann RE (1981) The “body packer syndrome”—toxicity following ingestion of illicit drugs packaged for transportation. J Forensic Sci 26:492–500

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Beck NE, Hale JE (1993) Cocaine “body packers”. Br J Surg 80:1513–1516

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Fishbain DA, Wetli CV (1981) Cocaine intoxication, delirium, and death in a body packer. Ann Emerg Med 10:531–532

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Schaper A, Hofmann R, Ebbecke M et al. (2003) Kokain-body-packing.Seltene indication zur laparotomie. Chirurg 74:626–631

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bulstrode N, Banks F, Shrotria S (2002) The outcome of drug smuggling by ‘body packers”—the British experience. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 84:35–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Farmer JW, Chan SB (2003) Whole body irrigation for contraband bodypackers. J Clin Gastroenterol 37:147–150

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hoffman RS, Smilkstein MJ, Goldfrank LR (1990) Whole bowel irrigation and the cocaine body-packer: a new approach to a common problem. Am J Emerg Med 8:523–527

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Visser L, Stricker B, Hoogendoorn M et al. (1998) Do not give paraffin to packers. Lancet 352:1352

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Robinson T, Birrer R, Mandava N et al. (1993) Body smuggling of illicit drugs: two cases requiring surgical intervention. Surgery 113:709–711

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Choudhary AM, Taubin H, Gupta T et al. (1998) Endoscopic removal of a cocaine packet from the stomach. J Clin Gastroenterol 27:155–156

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Suarez CA, Arango A, Lester JL 3rd (1977) Cocaine-condom ingestion. Surgical treatment. JAMA 238:1391–1392

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Caruana DS, Weinbach B, Goerg D et al. (1984) Cocaine-packet ingestion. Diagnosis, management, and natural history. Ann Intern Med 100:73–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Karkos PD, Cain AJ, White PS (2005) An unusual foreign body in the oesophagus. The body packer syndrome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 262:154–156

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Miller JS, Hendren SK, Liscum KR (1998) Giant gastric ulcer in a body packer. J Trauma 45:617–619

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Pidoto RR, Agliata AM, Bertolini R et al. (2002) A new method of packaging cocaine for international traffic and implications for the management of cocaine body packers. J Emerg Med 23:149–153

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Heinemann A, Miyaishi S, Iwersen S et al. (1998) Body-packing as cause of unexpected sudden death. Forensic Sci Int 92:1–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Olmedo R, Nelson L, Chu J et al. (2001) Is surgical decontamination definitive treatment of “body-packers”? Am J Emerg Med 19:593–596

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Van Geloven AA, Van Lienden KP, Gouma DJ (2002) Bodypacking—an increasing problem in the Netherlands: conservative or surgical treatment? Eur J Surg 168:404–409

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. de Prost N, Lefebvre A, Questel F et al. (2005) Prognosis of cocaine body-packers. Intensive Care Med 31:955–958

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank D. Hervault for providing us with detailed documentation and Prof. A. Fingerhut for his help.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nicolas Veyrie.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Veyrie, N., Servajean, S., Aissat, A. et al. Value of a Systematic Operative Protocol for Cocaine Body Packers. World J Surg 32, 1432–1437 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-007-9432-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-007-9432-5

Keywords

Navigation