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Impact of intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring on the prediction of multiglandular parathyroid disease

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Abstract

Optimal interpretation of the results of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) monitoring during neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is still controversial. The reliability of the “50% rule” in multiglandular disease (MGD) is often disputed, mostly because of competing pathophysiologic paradigms. The aim of this study was to ascertain and corroborate the ability of IOPTH monitoring to detect MGD in a practice, combining conventional and alternative parathyroid-ectomy techniques. This is a retrospective single institution analysis of 69 consecutive patients undergoing cervical exploration for pHPT by various approaches. The IOPTH measurements were performed after induction of anesthesia but prior to skin incision and 10 minutes after excision of the first visualized enlarged parathyroid gland. In this series, 55 patients (80%) had single adenomas, and 14 patients (20%) had MGD. In 8 of the 14 patients with MGD, IOPTH levels were obtained sequentially after removal of every enlarged gland. Of these 8 patients, 6 (75%) had a false-positive decrease (decrease below 50% of baseline value in presence of another enlarged gland) failing to predict the presence of a second enlarged gland. In 2 cases IOPTH monitoring provided a true-negative result, correctly predicting MGD. If MGD is defined by gross morphologic criteria, IOPTH monitoring fails to predict the presence of MGD reliably. However, if MGD is defined by functional criteria, the course of these patients does not seem significantly affected. The importance of these findings must be further investigated, especially with regard to the outcome of minimally invasive parathyroid procedures.

Résumé

L’interprétation optimale peropératoire des résultats du dosage de l’hormone parathyroïdienne (IOPTH) pendant l’exploration cervicale pour hyperparathyroïdie primitive (pHPT) reste un sujet de controverse. La fiabilité de la règle des “50%” en ce qui concerne la maladie multiglandulaire (MGD) est souvent mise en défaut par rapport aux paradigmes physiopathologiques. Le but de cette étude a été de déterminer et de corroborer la capacité du monitorage IOPTH pour détecter la MGD dans une pratique qui combine les techniques de parathyroïdectomie conventionnelle et mini-invasive. Par une analyse rétrospective mono institutionnelle de 69 patients consécutifs ayant eu une exploration cervicale pour pHPT par des approches différentes, on a mesuré l’IOPTH après induction anesthésique mais avant l’incision cutanée et 10 minutes après excision de la première glande parathyroïde augmentée de volume. 55 patients (80%) avaient un seul adénome et 14 patients (20%) avaient une MGD. Chez huit des 14 patients MGD, les taux d’IOPTH ont été obtenus de façon séquentielle après l’ablation de chaque glande augmentée de volume. Six de ces huit patients (75%) avaient une diminution faussement positive (diminution des valeurs de base inférieure à 50% en présence d’une autre glande augmentée de volume) un échec dans la prédiction de la présence d’une deuxième glande augmentée de volume. Dans deux cas, le monitorage IOPTH a montré un résultat négatif vrai prédisant correctement la MGD. Si la MGD est définie par des critères morphologiques macroscopiques, le monitorage par l’IOPTH ne prédit pas fidèlement la présence de MGD. Cependant, si la MGD est définie par des critères fonctionnels, l’évolution de ces patients ne semble pas être affectée. L’importance de ces données doit être explorée d’avantage surtout eu égard à l’évolution de la chirurgie mini-invasive pour cette pathologie.

Resumen

La optima interpretación de los resultados de la monitoria intraoperatoria de hormona paratiroidea (PTHIO) en el curso de una exploration cervical por hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPTp) todavía es motivo de controversia. La confiabilidad de la régla de “50%” en los casos de enfermedad multiglandular (EMG) es frecuentemente disputada, generalmente en relación con compétentes paradigmas fisiopatológicos. El propósito del présente estudio tue comprobar y corroborer la capacidad de la monitoria de la PTHIO en la detección de EMG en una práctica que combina técnicas de paratiroidectomía convencionales y alternativas. Es un estudio retrospectivo realizado en una sola institution sobre 69 pacientes consecutivos sometidos a exploratión cervical por HPTp por abordajes diversos. Las mediciones de PTHIO fueron realizadas luego de la inductión de la anestesia pero antes de la incision de la piel y a los 10 minutes después de la resección de la primera glándula que aparecía aumentada de tamaño. 55 pacientes (80%) tuvieron adenomas únicos y 14 20%) EMG. En 8 de los 14 pacientes con EMG, los niveles de PTHIO fueron determinados en forma secuencial luego de la resección de cada glándula hipertrófica; 6 de estos 8 patientes (75%) exhibieron un descenso falso positivo (descenso mayor de 50% sobre el nivel de base en presencia de otra glândula hipertrófica) fallando así en la predictión de la presencia de una segunda glándula hipertrófica. En 2 casos la monitoría de PTHIO constituyó un resultado negativo real, con lo cual se predijo EMG. Si la EMG se define por macrocriterios morfológicos, la monitoría de PTHIO falla en la predictión confiable de la presencia de EMG. Sin embargo, si la EMG es definida por criterios funcionales, la evolutión de estos pacientes no parece afectarse en forma signitïcativa. La importancia de estos hallazgos deber ser investigada más a fondo en relatión con el resultado de los procedimientos de cirugía paratiroidea minimamente invasora.

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Correspondence to Thomas Clerici.

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Clerici, T., Brandie, M., Lange, J. et al. Impact of intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring on the prediction of multiglandular parathyroid disease. World J. Surg. 28, 187–192 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-003-7255-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-003-7255-6

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