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Functional and morphologic properties of a modified mesh for inguinal hernia repair

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Abstract

Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed operations. Next to conventional techniques, open and laparoscopic tension-free methods using mesh implants to reinforce the abdominal wall are increasingly carried out, even becoming the standard procedure in many countries. Because of the benefits of material-reduced meshes for incisional hernia repair, a new mesh modification for tension-free inguinal hernia repair has been developed. In the present study this new low-weight mesh (Vypro II) made of polypropylene and polyglactin multifilaments was compared to a common heavy-weight polypropylene mesh (Prolene) regarding their functional consequences and the morphologic tissue response. After implantation in rats as an inlay, abdominal wall mobility was recorded by three-dimensional photogrammetry and the tensile strength of the suture zone and the mesh itself was measured at 3, 21, and 90 days. Explanted tissue samples have been investigated for their histologic reaction in regard to the inflammatory infiltrate, vascularization, and connective and fat tissue ingrowth. Numbers of granulocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and foreign giant body cells have been evaluated to reflect the quality of the tissue response. The cellular response was assessed by measuring DNA strand breaks and apoptosis (TUNEL), proliferation (Ki67), and cell stress (HSP70). The results indicated that restriction of abdominal wall mobility was significantly reduced with Vypro II compared to that seen with heavy-weight mesh modification, and the inflammatory reaction and connective tissue formation were markedly diminished. Apoptosis and cell proliferation showed considerably lowered levels, and expression of cytoprotective HSP70 was significantly increased. The present study thus confirms the benefits of material-reduced mesh modifications. The new low-weight mesh (Vypro II) could be advantageous in inguinal hernia repair.

Résumé

La cure de hernie inguinale est une des interventions les plus pratiquées en chirurgie. A coté des techniques conventionnelles, par voie inguinale ouverte, et sous laparoscopic, des méthodes de cure sans tension, par l’intermédiaire des prothèses pour renforcer la paroi abdominale, sont pratiquées de plus en plus souvent, devenant même le standard dans beaucoup de pays. En raison des bénéfices de ce matériel, on a dévélopé une nouvelle prothèse pour la cure sans tension des hernies inguinales (Vypro II). Dans cette étude, la nouvelle prothèse à poids peu élevé (Vypro II), faite de polypropylene et de multifilaments de polyglactine, comparé à une prothèse de polypropylene ordinaire à poids élevé (Prolene) en ce qui concerne les conséquences fonctionnelles et la réponse morphologiques tissulaires. Après implantation «inlay» de la prothèse chez des rats pendant 3, 21, et 90 jours, la mobilité abdominale a été analysée en trois dimensions par photogrammétrie et on a mesuré la force de rupture entre la zone anastomotique et la prothèse. On a pratiqué un examen histologique des tissus expiantes explorant la réaction histologique eu égard à l’importance de Pinfiltrat inflammatoire, la vascularisation et l’incorporation des tissu adipeux. Le nombre de granulocytes, de macrophages, de fibroblastes, de lymphocytes et de cellules géantes en rapport avec un corps étranger a été évalué pour la qualité de la réponse tissulaire. La réponse cellulaire a été mesurée par le nombre de cassures des filaments d’ADN et le taux d’apoptose (TUNEL), la prolifération (KJ67) et le stress (HSP70) cellulaires. En analysant les résultats, la restriction de la mobilité de la paroi abdominale a été significativement réduite par rapport aux réparations par prothèse à poids élevé: la réaction inflammatoire et la formation de tissu conjonctif ont été très diminuée. L’apoptose et la prolifération cellulaire étaient considérablement plus basses alors que l’expression de la HSP70 cytoprotective a été significativement augmentée. Pour conclure, l’étude présente confirme les bénéfice des modifications de la prothèse. La nouvelle modification de la prothèse, à bas poids (Vypro II), pourrait être intéressante pour la cure de hernie inguinale.

Resumen

La operación quirúrgica más frecuente es la herniorrafiahernioplastia inguinal. Junto a las técnicas convencionales con cirugía abierta o laparoscópica, la herniorrafia sin tensión mediante el empleo de prótesis, que refuerzan la pared abdominal, se emplean cada vez mas e incluso, en algunos países, estas son las técnicas utilizadas de forma estándar. Con motivo de los buenos resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento de las eventraciones con mallas estructuradas con escaso material, se ha desarrollado una nueva malla modificada (Vypro II) para la hernioplastia sin tensión de las hernias inguinales. En el presente estudio, se efectúa un estudio comparativo, entre esta nueva malla de bajo peso (Vypro II) compuesta de prolipropileno y poliglactin multifilamentoso y la malla de gran peso, utilizada habitualmente, compuesta por polipropileno (Prolene), por lo que a las respuestas funcionales y morfológicas texturales de ambos implantes se refiere. Tras su implantación “in-lay” en ratas, se estudió a los 3, 21, y 90 días la movilidad de la pared abdominal por medio de un fotográmetro tridimensional, así como la fuerza de tensión en la zona de sutura y en la misma malla; muestras explantadas de tejido se estudiaron histológicamente para valorar la reacción inflamatoria, vascularización y crecimiento, dentro de la malla, de tejido conjuntivo y graso. Para evaluar la calidad de la respuesta textural, se efectuó un recuento del número de granulocitos, macrófagos, fibroblastos, linfocitos y células gigantes a cuerpo extraño. La respuesta celular se trató de valorar midiendo: las soluciones de continuidad del ADN catenario y la apóptosis (TUNEL), la proliferación (Ki67) y agresión celular (HSP70). El análisis de los resultados demuestra que la restricción de la movilidad de la pared abdominal es significativamente menor que la observada utilizando mallas de elevado peso: la reacción inflamatoria y la formación de tejido conjuntivo fue marcadamente menor. La apóptosis y proliferación celular alcanzó niveles muy bajos y la expresión citoprotectora HSP70 aumentó significativamente. En conclusión: el presente estudio confirma el efecto beneficioso por lo que a la reducción de material, que se emplea en la confección de la malla, atañe. La nueva modificación de una malla de bajo peso (Vypro II) tiene muchas ventajas para el tratamiento quirúrgico de las hernias inguinales.

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Correspondence to Bernd Klosterhalfen M.D..

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Published Online: September 26, 2002

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Junge, K., Klinge, U., Rosch, R. et al. Functional and morphologic properties of a modified mesh for inguinal hernia repair. World J. Surg. 26, 1472–1480 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-002-6444-z

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