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Dispersal Constraints for Stream Invertebrates: Setting Realistic Timescales for Biodiversity Restoration

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Abstract

Biodiversity goals are becoming increasingly important in stream restoration. Typical models of stream restoration are based on the assumption that if habitat is restored then species will return and ecological processes will re-establish. However, a range of constraints at different scales can affect restoration success. Much of the research in stream restoration ecology has focused on habitat constraints, namely the in-stream and riparian conditions required to restore biota. Dispersal constraints are also integral to determining the timescales, trajectory and potential endpoints of a restored ecosystem. Dispersal is both a means of organism recolonization of restored sites and a vital ecological process that maintains viable populations. We review knowledge of dispersal pathways and explore the factors influencing stream invertebrate dispersal. From empirical and modeling studies of restoration in warm-temperate zones of New Zealand, we make predictions about the timescales of stream ecological restoration under differing levels of dispersal constraints. This process of constraints identification and timescale prediction is proposed as a practical step for resource managers to prioritize and appropriately monitor restoration sites and highlights that in some instances, natural recolonization and achievement of biodiversity goals may not occur.

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Acknowledgments

Useful comments and suggestions on earlier drafts were kindly made by John Quinn, Richard Storey, Kevin Collier, David Reid and Carolyn Lundquist (NIWA, Hamilton). We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticisms that helped to improve this manuscript. Funding was provided by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology to the NIWA Restoration of Aquatic Environments programme (CO1X0305).

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    Stephanie M. Parkyn

  2. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11-115, Hamilton, New Zealand

    Brian J. Smith

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Parkyn, S.M., Smith, B.J. Dispersal Constraints for Stream Invertebrates: Setting Realistic Timescales for Biodiversity Restoration. Environmental Management 48, 602–614 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9694-4

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